Business information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business information system - Essay Example of data that would be captured; date of birth, the year that the student commenced and completed their high school education, the units and courses that were taken by the student, the co-curriculum activities that the students engaged in, sex of the student, academic performance, and their career goals. As stated earlier, the recruiters have set the parameters defining the qualities, which they require from the students. After gathering the above information from the recruits, they will process the data and come up with tangible information that would aid in the recruiting process (Arthur 27). The following are examples of information, which would be processed from the above data; the average age that students start their high school education, the average number of years that students attend high school, the common and least common units and courses that the students take, the common and least common co-curriculum activities that the students engaged in, the sex composition of students in high school, and the average academic performance of the students. In particular, the processed information is an advantage to the recruiters in that, it brings to the light, the features exhibited by the student recruits. The two initial processes; data collection and data processing, gives way to a third imperative process; inference by the recruiters. Before the data collection process, the recruiters had defined the threshold that the recruits had to surpass. However, after processing the information and making some inferences, the recruiters can come to the realization that the threshold was either too high or too low. For instance, the recruiters would infer that, either the students spend more or fewer years in high school contrary to what they had thought. In this regard, they will have to raise or lower the minimum age of admitting students to the university. Secondly, the recruiters may infer that, the units and courses that the students have taken in high school

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Ethics - Essay Example This paper aims to present a case study related to an ethical dilemma and the decision suggested to solve the situation. Additionally, it shall evaluate the decision from a viewpoint of utilitarianism, Kantian moral philosophy, Gandhism or Buddhism. The case study that I have selected for this paper is not my personal experience, but it pertains to one of my first cousin, Liana, who has been working as a journalism professor for many years. She has a good experience in her field and possesses a strong command over the subject (writing and sub-editing) as she has been teaching the subject in different institutions and also, holds a Masters degree in the subject. She is quite friendly and has always told me about her teaching ways and behavior that one must have with students in the class. She has always taught her students by maintaining a friendly environment and has always made herself available to help students with their problems within class or outside the class. She has develope d a good understanding with all students, and she has always intended to remain cooperative with them for their academic matters. Last year, at the end of the semester, she gave an assignment to all her students of reviewing five articles, which was to be submitted within 25 days. A day before submission date, one of her good and obedient students named David requested her to give him two extras days to complete and submit the assignment. David did not present any suitable reason for requesting an extension in the submission time. Thus, despite the fact that he was good student and always submitted his work on time, Liana did not grant him the permission to submit assignment after the submission day. For Liana, this situation was quite challenging and she considered this as an ethical dilemma for her as she was quite confused with her own decision. But, being loyal with the profession and honest with all other students of the class, unwillingly she decided not to grant him with extr a time. However, on the day of submission she received assignments from all students including David. She was happy that he had completed his work on time and she appreciated him in the class, but she noticed that he did not respond her properly. She was confused again and decided to check David's assignment before she can further comment on or think about this situation. Upon checking his assignment, she noticed that he had submitted plagiarized work. Out of five article reviews, two were completely plagiarized, while other three article reviews were well-written without plagiarism and other mistakes. Liana has been very strict with her students regarding the issue of plagiarism in their work and her students were aware of the fact and they have always avoided plagiarism to secure good marks in assignments and avoid disciplinary actions against them. In case of David, it was hard to believe that an above average student like him can plagiarize in two reviews in this manner. For an honest and generous teacher like Liana, it was an ethical dilemma to decide whether she should fail David in his assignment like she has done it before for all those who have submitted plagiarized work or she should give David marks on those three articles that he has completed without plagiarism. In this case, she was recalling David's request for granting him more time to complete the given assignment, but

Co-branding: challenges and opportunities in international marketing

Co-branding: challenges and opportunities in international marketing Strategic alliances Created by engaging companies and brands in co-branding is gaining popularity across different industry. Disneys alliances with Mattel, McDonalds and Burger King are prime examples of such co-branding ventures. Co-branding is the strategy of presenting two or more independent brands jointly on the same product or services. (Erevelles et al., 2007) In co-branding-also called dual branding or brand bundling- two or more well known brands are combined into a joint product or marketed together in some fashion. (Kotler keller, 2009) Co-branding as â€Å"a form of cooperation between two or more brands with significant customer recognition, in which all the participants brand names are retained† (Blackett and Boad, 2002) Co-Branding It is a win-win situation where both parties indulged in this process and it is helpful for them to increase the value a brand hold. Sometimes in worse scenarios, it might can harm one among them which is usually the stronger brand effected by the other brand. This makes selecting the partner brand the most important factor which fits with the companys value, image and product. The presentation speaks about the major objectives to why to go under co-branding and their shared values as to how they are created and relate to other brands. Internationally the co-branding can provide physical product integration or complimentary usage and image. Co-branding is been practiced in almost every kind of big and small industry. Be it FMCG industry, Travel Industry, Fashion Industry e.g. The outputs from co-branding are usually more than perceived or expected. â€Å"Because brand names are valuable assets, they may be combined with other brand names to form a synergistic alliance in which the sum is greater than the parts† (Washburn.J.H; Till.B.D; Priluck.Randi, 2000). Grabbing the opportunity is the second most important aspect. To be at the right place at the right gives you an edge over others. The presentation reveals Joint Ventures as a co-branding which conflicts the mind. Another conflict among the presentation was to name celebrity endorsement as co-branding. Celebrities are brands in themselves or not. There are debates going on at global stage that is it a part of co-branding, acquisition and celebrity endorsement actually. It is a widely used business strategy in industries like food and drinks, retailing, air travel and financial services, with the number of firms using it growing by forty percent/year (Blackett and Boad, 1999). Co-branding can be defined as several brands collaborating in technology development, marketing, or production while keeping their independence as separate business entities (Stewart, 1995. Marketing News 29(4), 5). Co-branding is increasingly becoming a popular strategy in the hospitality industry. In general, co-branding cards can be an effective marketing tool that helps family restaurants to build both behavioral and attitudinal custome r loyalty. Co-Branding Internationally Globalization has accelerated, so has the choice of brands, both foreign and domestic (Hsieh, 2002). A brand has been defined as: â€Å"an identifiable product, service, person or place augmented in such a way that the buyer or user perceives relevant unique values which match their needs most closely† (de Chernatony, 1998, 3). The associated incremental value added to the product by virtue of its brand has been referred to as its brand equity (Aaker, 1991; Keller, 1993). In todays competitive battleground, the concept of brand equity has proved to be an important source of strategic insight for marketers (Moore, Wilkie and Lutz, 2002, 17). City Branding: City branding is a rapidly growing concept. This practice is adopted by many cities build up urban competition for mobile resources, markets, opportunities and attention across the globe. Crucial strategy within city branding is the creation of the citys identity, which should be developed from a range of contextual variables such as history, demography, economy, politics and policies. A city usually has certain identifiable images or core values perceived by its people. For example, Paris is perceived for romance, Milan for style, New York for diversity and dynamics, Washington for power, and Tokyo for modernity. (L. Zhang, S.X. Zhao / Cities 26 (2009)). Branding Beijing, the capital of China for the Olympics 2008. Branding London, the capital of United Kingdom for the Olympics 2012. Many of the large and small companies will be officially involved in many of the activities. Like McDonalds is been named as the official restaurant for the Olympics 2012 in London. Around 7,000 direct contracts are expected to generate huge profits and around 75,000 opportunities. Co-Branding across the culture: Culture also has a great influence on buying behaviors. Co-branding is a popular technique used in domestic markets to transfer the positive associations of the associate brands to a newly formed co-brand (Linda C. Ueltsch, 200) Every culture has their own effects. Taking an example of Pakistan and India, they share similar culture across the border. And a company like Pepsi came up with an ad featuring celebrities from both sides. And launching the advertisement in both countries. Examples: In the photocopy market, many products sold by, say, Canon are actually made by Ricoh. In the car industry, although BMW own the rover company, at the product level Rover cars show no BMW logo or connection. Mercedes and Swatch launched innovative car named â€Å"Smart† as a result of joint venture. Mercedes is unlikely to put its trademark on the smart! Because of the threat. In the Tea market, Nestle and coca Cola launched a product â€Å"Nestea† against Unilevers range. Nestle create the product while, and Coca Cola market and distributed it. Research has shown that customer evaluations of co-brands are affected by the degree to which the skills and resources of the parent brands are perceived to fit with or generalize to the new co-brand (Klink and Smith, 2001). The theoretical foundations in the cognitive psychology literature suggest that similarity between a brand and an extension or alliance facilitates the transfer of knowledge, attitude and purchase intention (Martin and Stewart, 2001). Even a well phrased co-branding agreement cannot promise success of an poorly picturized co-branding strategy. Co-branding is not always a practical option for all products or services. co-branding done without proper research and planning may cause more damage. Thats why co-branding strategy must be carefully thought out and is usually successful when symbiotic or synergistic brands and goods are combined through an effective marketing plan. The international marketing of mobile services: Mobile Marketing The presentation highlights the rapidly shifting trends of technology. And gaining popularity among the new generation. The shift from physical to internet and recently from computers to mobile. Mobile data services are the convergence of mobile communication technologies providing data services. Explaining and elaborating various categories of mobile data services available to the public. The demand for mobile devices equipment such as cell phones, PDAs, and digital music players that are typically used on an anytime, anywhere basis without being connected by wires and services that use these mobile devices (mobile services) is growing rapidly worldwide. (Shankar, V. Balasubramanian, S. (2009)). What is Mobile Marketing? The mobile channel is a multi-faceted interactive network for delivering individual communication, personalization, information and entertainment products and services. (Manis, 2005; Becker 2005; Bragge et al. 2005; Dickinger et al. 2004; Nysveen et al. 2005). A set of practices that enables organizations to communicate and engage with their audience in an interactive and relevant manner through any mobile device or network (Mobile Marketing Association, 2009). Mobile Data Services integrate handheld and internet technologies to create new value prepositions (Keen and Mackenzie, 2001, quoted from Gilbert, 2003). According to Informa Telecoms Media, a research conducted in April 2006, there were 215 million mobiles subscribers in 1997. There are around 2 billion mobile users in 2005. And this count is expected to reach 3 billion in 2010. The emergence of mobile commerce The number of mobile phone users worldwide has increased rapidly over the last five years; from an estimated 1.87 billion in 2004 to 2.5 billion in September 2006 (InfoSync World, 2004; Usability News, 2006). In Japan, already seven out of 10 people have cell-phone accounts, and in countries such as Italy, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom, the market penetration of mobile phones has already exceeded 100% (Sultan and Rohm, 2005). Undoubtedly the mobile phone has been one of the fastest adopted consumer products of all time (Kalakota and Robinson, 2002; Scornavacca et al., 2006). In addition, according to Forrester Research (2005), some 90 per cent of all phones in use will be mobile Internet-capable this year. The proliferation of Internet-enabled mobile devices has created an extraordinary opportunity for e-commerce to leverage the benefits of mobility (Barnes and Huff, 2003; Clarke, 2001; Durlacher Research, 2002). The conduit for this is mobile e-commerce, commonly known as m- commerce, which refers to the ability to conduct financial transactions (including, but not exclusively, the ability to purchase goods or services) through a wireless Internet-enabled device (Barnes, 2002a; Scornavacca and Barnes, 2006). Integration with Marketing Mix Integration with Marketing Mix is the key to success. It Deliver consistent brand value/image. And gives a fresh element on companies promotion mix. According to mobile data association in UK, almost 94% of SMS received are read. And around 36% users admit that they are likely to purchase products. (Karjaluoto et al. 2004) Complexity of the technology enables to acquire the mobile data services by users. New learning methods enabling consumers to bridge the gap between the advanced technology and user interface. Solving the problems and adding value in everyday life. Opportunities Threats Untapped Customer Segments. Growing Popularity of Wireless Broadband.Limited Use of PC-Based Internet Services (3rd screen) are the key opportunities for the mobile marketing. There are many threats attached to it too. Regulatory Interference can be a hurdle. Continued Pressure on Revenue as it is a long time process. Cost of New Investments Eroding Data Services Profitability and Competition From Carriers and Other Service Providers. Portability An important benefit of a mobile device to consumers is its ultra small size and the ease with which it can be carried (Balasubramanian et al. 2002). A mobile device is not only portable, but because it fits in a hand, it is a constant companion to the user and is used on a continuous basis. This property makes it easier for marketers to quickly communicate with the user at any point in time, but the small screen size does not allow information-intensive messages to be delivered. Post-purchase behavior Research shows that after controlling for selection, online customers are more loyal than offline customers, so migrating customers from offline to online could enhance customer loyalty (Shankar, Smith, and Rangaswamy 2003) Acceptance of Mobile Marketing Acceptance of mobile marketing across two global markets. Drawing upon technology acceptance and uses and gratifications theories, we develop and estimate a conceptual model of the influences of antecedent factors (including risk acceptance related to the mobile platform and personal attachment related to mobile devices) on behavioral intent related to mobile marketing practice. We further propose that the above relationships are mediated by activities that consumers engage in such as downloading, forwarding content and registering with firms. Focusing on youth consumers, we empirically test the model using data collected in both an established (U.S.) and an emerging market (Pakistan). Findings across these two markets reflect cross-market similarities and differences related to consumer acceptance factors. (F. Sultan et al.(2009)) Mobile marketing research Mobile marketing is a new technology. This is successful because it is a two way communication unlikely to the traditional research process. It involves active audience which is interactive, not passive. And researches gets a rapid feedback. In many countries, social, cultural and political issues are discussed with the general population. Like in India, IDEA mobile company launched and advertisement showing the use of polling through mobile where the youth can express their own views to government. Short Messaging Services Innovation creates marketing opportunities and challenges. Mobile media, for example, transcend traditional communication and support one-toone, many-to-many and mass communication. The most popular mobile application, referred to as text messaging in the UK or Short Message Service (SMS) in most other countries, attracted 580 million users who sent 431 billion messages in 2002. In the first quarter of 2004 users sent 135 billion SMS messages and predictions are that 94.9 million mobile commerce users in 2003 will grow to 1.67 billion users by 2008. SMS will account for the bulk of mobile telephone companys revenues from data services until 2006. This high diffusion of SMS facilitates analyzing usage behavior and hints at the commercial potential of future communication services. Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS), for example, will build on the success of SMS but allow for richer content based on similar asynchronous, digital and interactive communication. (A. Scharl et al. (2005)) Mobile shopping In interviews with more than 100 Japanese and foreign firms between 2000 and 2005, the author investigated the impact of a number of technological trajectories on mobile shopping applications that are suggested to be promising ones based on the behavior of lead users. Push-based Internet mail and other key services that are not yet available inWestern markets were the initial drivers of the market for mobile shopping in Japan between 2001 and 2003. Currently, the fastest growing market for mobile shopping in Japan involves the integration of mobile sites with other media such as magazines and radio and television programs where these other media compensate for the small screens of mobile phones. This paper forecasts the impact of improvements along a number of technological trajectories on the integration of mobile sites with other media. (J.L. Funk. (2007)) A mobile device is not a standard personal computer. It is a frequently used, location-sensitive device with very limited visual space. A mobile message will be most effective if it is brief, memorable, and well-coordinated with time and the users location. The rapidly changing technology can be a flaw. Simply transporting a companys Internet marketing strategy to mobile marketing strategy could be a recipe for failure. The impact of culture in international e-commerce. The Internet The Internet (or World Wide Web) is a network of computers providing access to information from around the world. Many businesses and government agencies have set up Internet sites (websites) providing information on their business. (Department of Trade and Economic Development) E-Commerce E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) is a form of business operation in which the parties interact over computer, mails over the Internet rather than by physical exchange or conduct. (Department of Trade and Economic Development) What is E-commerce: V. Zwass [127, p. 3] defines e-commerce as â€Å"the sharing of business information, maintaining business relationships, and conducting business transactions by means of telecommunications networks.† Treese and Stewart [112, p. 5] define e-commerce as â€Å"the use of the global Internet for purchase and sale of goods and services, including services and support after the sale.† Kalakota and Whinston [61, p. 3] define e-commerce as â€Å"the delivery of information, products/services, or payments via telephone lines, computer networks or any other means.† They do not limit their coverage to just Internetbased means. Kauffman and Walden [67, p. 3] emphasize â€Å"the Internet as a medium for enabling end-to-end business transactions.† Their definition â€Å"applies equally well in dotcom [and] Internet-only business settings, as well as more traditional business settings where the new channel of the Internet is being used alongside existing channels.† The main business uses of the Internet E-commerce allows consumers and customers the ability to buy, sell and advertise products and/or services. It is a tool to interact businesses and customers around the globe. It is useful for companies to promote product and services through different means like brochures, manuals, product updates, and websites e.t.c. E-commerce arguably has a potential to add a higher value to businesses and consumers in developing countries than in developed countries. Yet most developing country-based enterprises have failed to reap the benefits offered by modern information and communications technologies Barriers to e-commerce in developing countries Economic and sociopolitical factors focus primarily on the environmental characteristics, the cognitive component reflects organizational and individual behaviors. Arguably, for the initial adoption of e-commerce in developing countries, the cognitive component plays a more prominent role. As organizations assimilate sophisticated e-commerce practices, environmental factors play more critical roles Economic Barriers In under-developing countries, lack of electrical supply is a big barrier for e-commerce as all the devices included in a transaction, runs on electricity. Lack of purchasing power is also one of the biggest. As people hardly have money to make their livings. Resulting in a low percentage of people having access to Internet. Manufacturing companies of Information and Communication Technology products focus on large distributors often located in developed countries for achieving high sales and they dont focus to the under developing countries. This is another problem with the e-commerce industry. Credit cards is a key factor for completing the deals over internet for making the payments. In Asian Countries, 34-40% of the financial transactions are being made in form of cash. Other systems are underdeveloped such as online banking is not popular. (N. Kshetri, (2007)) Socio-politic Barriers In Asian countries, personal relationships are important in businesses while anonymous online relationships are considered as threaten established interpersonal networks. As well as people prefer to deal face-to-face are preferred over business deals made through e-mails and internet. Political factors are not implied and they lack law legislation and the electronic signatures. Cognitive barriers Cognitive barriers are more serious than other categories of barriers in developing countries. Consumers lack of awareness and knowledge of benefits involved in ecommerce and their lack of trust in service providers have also hold back the growth of e-commerce. Latin America, experience a low rate of credit card is an attributed to the â€Å"lack of trust in than lack of access to† the credit card system. E-commerce and mobile Internet has been expanded substantially by a new generation of mobile devices, opening the door for rapid growth of mobile-commerce. While the traditional PC access to the Internet continues to be vital for exploiting the advantages of the Internet, the mobile access appears to attract more people because of flexible accesses to the Internet in a ubiquitous manner. Accordingly, e-commerce is now in the process of being converted into m-commerce. The purpose of this paper is to develop and analyze a mathematical model for comparing e-commerce via the traditional PC access only with m-commerce which accommodates both the traditional PC access and the mobile access. The distribution of the number of products purchased by time and the distribution of the time required for selling K products are derived explicitly, enabling one to assess the impact of mobile devices on e-businesses. (U. Sumita, J. Yoshii, (2009)) The global marketing use internet which ‘enables firms to leap-frog the conventional stages, as it removes all geographical constraints, permits the instant establishment of virtual branches throughout the world, and allows direct and immediate foreign market entry to the smallest of businesses (Bennett, 1997, p. 327). The Internet is creating a unique global marketplace that has the potential to change profoundly the way international business is conceptualised and configured (Srirojanant and Thirkell, 1999; Bennett, 1997; Kedia and Harveston, 1999). The rapid commercialization of the Internet calls into question many of the fundamental tenets of international business (Hamill and Gregory, 1997, p. 9). DEVELOPING INTERNET E-COMMERCE BENCHMARKS Benchmark is a standard for measuring and comparing the performance of like systems. For new product makers, a benchmark can provide important statistical information so products can be tine-tuned before their deployment. For end users, on the other hand, a benchmark can be used to compare the strengths and weaknesses of different products so that an informed decision can be made about system adoption. Benchmarks aid in estimations of scalability in terms of the number of users and/or transactions that a system can support, and system response times under various loads and hardware/software deployment platforms. Needs of small to medium enterprises (SMEs) and big business and we motivate the need for a benchmark suite for e-commerce. (DAWN JUTLA et 1999) The Internet has altered international business development. The ways in which e-commerce continue to evolve. It makes sure that any statute changes they make can deal with future developments, even if these appear somewhat nebulous at present. It really depends on ones stand point as to whether e-commerce is seen as being or producing something new, which requires separate tax regulations. In terms of theoretical considerations, the current situation must be regarded as unsatisfactory. (J.F.Hughes, K.Glaister (2001)

The Tao Of The Joy Luck Club :: essays research papers

Taoism has been a major influence in China throughout much of its history and The Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan, reflects this influence through its infusion of Taoist principals. One of the fundamental concepts within Taoism is that of Wu-hsing. Wu-hsing is a way of understanding a matter by dividing it into five and is often represented by five phases, elements of directions. This is an unfamiliar concept to a western perspective, which tends to divide things into four. Understanding this fifth additional element, however, is essential to understanding The Joy Luck Club. This fifth component is most clearly represented in The Joy Luck Club through the directional aspect, which is clearly represented at the Mah Jong table, which the women gather around at the Joy Luck Club meetings. Each of the women represent the direction which they sir at on the table and the center of the Mah Jong table represents the fifth direction. In Taoism this fifth direction is the harmonious center where the traditional four directions meet and from which they originate, it is their beginning and their end. In the book the Joy Luck Club meetings serve as this fifth dimension. It is in this fifth direction, the center of the women and the Mah Jong table where the game and story of the Hoy Luck Club is played out. As the game begins the women first â€Å"wash† the tiles in a chaotic mixing motion and then work together to structure these game tiles into an orderly creation in the center of the board (Tan 22). This is the effect of the fifth direction in the women’s lives as well. As the members of the Joy Luck Club bring the chaos of their lives and find peace through the combined effect of their relationships with each other. This process of bringing peace from the midst of chaos is first seen when the first Joy Luck Club is created in Kweilin. In Kweilin Suyun finds herself in an extremely chaotic and violent environment, which is the result of the refugee-camp-like city, and the frequent bombings, which it comes under. Suyun creates the club here as a source of peace in the midst of their troubles. The meetings become a place where the women do not discuss the eminent danger that surrounds them or their relatives and lives, which they have lost. Instead they focus on food and happy stories.

Drb Grant

Dudley Ransford Brandyce Grant was an educationalist who specialized in the theory of early childhood school development in Jamaica. He is regarded by many as the ‘Father of Early Childhood Education in Jamaica'. Born in Santa Marta, Colombia on September 15, 1915 he immigrated to Jamaica with his parents, James and Annie, at an early age. He attended Maldon Primary School, St. James in his youth before continuing his education at Mico Teachers' College in St.Andrew. Mr. Grant also went on to complete a Master's of Science at Cornell University, USA before furthering his learning at great institutions including Oxford University's School of Education in England and the Universities of New York and Columbia in the United States. Career D. R. B Grant was a highly respected and accomplished tutor and theorist whose career was filled with an extensive list of achievements and positions of authority at all academic levels.He began his educational profession as a Primary school teach er, later moving up to school Principal, before continuing his progression through the teaching ranks as Senior lecturer, University of the West Indies and Visiting Lecturer at University of Maryland in the USA. Early Childhood Education After this, Mr. Grant began to concentrate on his Early Education work. Below are the positions and roles that D. R. B undertook: Director for the Project for Early Childhood Education (PECE) †¢ Consultant to the Jamaican Ministry of Education's Early Childhood Education Program †¢ Director of University of West Indies/Bernard van Leer Foundation Centre for Early Childhood Education †¢ Consultant/Advisor on Early Childhood Education in developing countries †¢ Vice Chairman of Jamaican Government’s Programme for the Advancement of Childhood Education (PACE).During the period 1967-1968, while on secondment to the Ministry of Education Jamaica, he started the first teaching internship programme which has become a major compon ent of the teacher education programme in Jamaica. D. R. B. Grant also conceived and implemented the Project for Early Childhood Education (P. E. C. E. ) which was funded by the van Leer Foundation of Holland. He directed this project from 1966-1987.He became a highly respected international authority in the field of early childhood education and occupied various consulting and advisory roles. In 1972, D. R. B. Grant was appointed by the Ministry to Education, Jamaica as a member of the Committee for an In-depth Study for Primary Education. He also played a pivotal role in the design and organization of the Hope Valley Experimental School. In recognition of D. R. B.Grant’s contribution to early childhood education, the University of the West Indies, Mona has named the Early Childhood Resource Centre in his honor. In addition, the Dudley Grant Memorial Trust (DGMT) was established through the Bernard van Leer Foundation in 1989 to commemorate his life and work. D. R. B Grant o fficially retired in 1978 but continued his work until his death on August 25, 1988. He was 73 years old. Dudley Ransford Brandyce Grant Name: Sherene Badjnaut Teacher:

Modern technology Essay

Technology has become a very important part of our lives nowadays. During the past few years, technology has evolved in many ways and is probably without a doubt better than ever before. People are always trying to find something new that will improve our lives dramatically. Some of the creations that have really changed our lives are the computer, telephone, internet and electronic mail, television, cell phone and voice mail. Everything has a positive and a negative effect on our lives and so does technology. Technology may be very helpful but it can sometimes be very harmful. In our modern society, people can’t see themselves without computers. Computers have evolved so much during the past years. They used to be bulky, expensive and not very reliable machine but nowadays there are fast, small and affordable and nearly every family has a computer. With computers you can browse over the internet and look for information about a subject instead of having to do read books at the library or read the newspaper. Nowadays mostly everything is available on the internet. You can even do your Christmas shopping over the internet instead of having to spend a long time waiting at the malls. Electronic mails can be sent over a network and it’s much faster and takes up less time than to have to write a letter and then send it and the person would have to wait a day or more to get your letter. Cell phones are also very useful gadgets as people can reach you wherever you are. In case of emergency people can contact you even if you’re not at home. When you have a computer you can just store your files on your hard drive and it can be retrieved at any time. It’s also much easier to type something than to handwrite as if you make a mistake white-out doesn’t have to be used as you can edit your whenever you want before printing it. Machines can also be programmed to answer the phone for you whenever you’re not here or you don’t want to take the call because you’re too tired to do it. Technology has helped the NASA in various ways. They have discovered new planets, found out interesting facts about them like what are they made of or is there air and water on that planet. As you can see technology does have various advantages and it would be pretty much impossible to live without technology nowadays. Ever since the beginning, technology always had disadvantages. Although  computers are very useful machines, hackers can enter your computer and access private information for example your bank account without you even noticing it. They can copy your password and later on use it to take money from your account without any permission. Computer viruses are also very dangerous as it can destroy your data completely and you may even have to buy a new computer afterwards as the damage can’t be repaired. People are starting to lose their communication skills because most of the things are now done on the computer. People who don’t have enough knowledge in computers are having more and more trouble to find a good job even if they have other qualifications. In chat rooms, older people usually make young teenagers believe that they’re the same age as them and sometimes ask them to meet them at some place before kid-knapping them or doing something else that will harm them. These things show that technology has some disadvantages if it is used in a harmful way. Technology has some advantages and disadvantages. People should know what they’re doing and they should know how to protect themselves from hackers and harmful programs. Anti-viruses should be used as well as firewalls for protection. Before actually meeting someone that you’ve talked to over the internet you should be completely sure that he/she didn’t lie to you because it could end up very badly for you. Teenagers should not always listen to the media because sometimes the media only tells you something so that they can make money out of it and in return you hardly gain anything. Technology has become part of our daily lives and the question is how far will technology go?

El boletín de visas para el mes agosto de 2019

El boletà ­n de visas para el mes agosto de 2019 El boletà ­n de visas, que actualiza cada mes el Departamento de Estado, es fundamental  para las personas que estn esperando por su tarjeta de residencia permanente en determinadas categorà ­as de solicitudes por familia o por trabajo, ya que significa que la espera ha terminado y se inicia la fase final de la tramitacià ³n. En este artà ­culo se explica para quà © tipo de peticiones de tarjeta de residencia, tambià ©n conocida como green card,  es relevante el boletà ­n de visas y quà © hacer si por edad o por matrimonio se cambia de categorà ­a. Asimismo, se informa sobre la  diferencia entre dates for filing y   final action date, cul es el boletà ­n de visas actual y  cà ³mo  entenderlo. Finalmente, quà © esperar una vez que se inicia la fase final de la tramitacià ³n de la solicitud de la green card. Para quà © peticiones es importante el boletà ­n de visas El boletà ­n de visas es relevante para todas las categorà ­as de peticià ³n de tarjetas de residencia permanente por familia o por trabajo para las que existe un là ­mite mximo que puede ser aprobado por aà ±o fiscal. En otras palabras, esto quiere decir que  no aplica a las peticiones de ciudadanos estadounidenses para sus hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os, cà ³nyuges o padres, ya que la ley no establece un là ­mite para esas solicitudes. Estas peticiones se tramitan sin espera y, en la actualidad, el proceso desde su inicio al fin es, aproximadamente, de doce meses. Por el contrario el boletà ­n de visa a aplica a las siguientes solicitudes de peticiones por familia: de ciudadano para hijo soltero mayor de 21 aà ±os, que se conoce como F1de residente permanente para cà ³nyuge y/o hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os, que se conoce como F2Ade residente permanente para hijo soltero mayor de 21 aà ±os, que se conoce F2Bde ciudadano para hijo casado de cualquier edad, que se conoce como F3de ciudadano para hermano, que se conoce como F4 Es posible cambiar de categorà ­a. Esto se debe a que la demora puede ser muy larga  y las circunstancias personales de la persona pedida o del solicitante  cambian. Por ejemplo, si un residente permanente solicita a un hijo soltero mayor de 21 aà ±os y durante la espera el residente se convierte en ciudadano por naturalizacià ³n, sucederà ­a que el hijo pedido pasarà ­a de estar en la categorà ­a F2B a ser un F1. Es conveniente notificar  estos cambios al USCIS mediante una carta.   Adems, tener en cuenta que algunos cambios implican que la solicitud de los papeles no va a llegar a buen resultado. Por ejemplo, si un residente pide a un hijo soltero y à ©ste se casa durante la espera de los papeles, la peticià ³n se convierte en nula.   Finalmente, el boletà ­n de visas aplica en todas las categorà ­as de peticiones de tarjeta de residencia por trabajo. Diferencias entre Dates for filing y Final action date y por quà © es importante En el boletà ­n de visas hay dos tipos de fecha. En primer lugar, las que aplican a las personas  que pueden ajustar su estatus y que siguen lo que el gobierno llama Dates for filing. Eso quiere decir que ya pueden presentar los papeles para el ajuste cuando la  fecha de prioridad de su solicitud  es ms antigua que la fecha seà ±alada para su categorà ­a en el epà ­grafe  dates for filing. Sin embargo, tener en cuenta que la aplicacià ³n no puede ser aprobada mientras la fecha de prioridad de su solicitud no sea ms antigua que la fecha para su categorà ­a consignada bajo el epà ­grafe final action date. En otras palabras, los migrantes que estn ya en Estados Unidos deben estar atentos a esas 2 fechas, la primera, para presentar los papeles del ajuste de estatus, y la segunda para calcular cundo la tramitacià ³n final tendr lugar y asà ­ obtener su green card.   Entonces,  ¿por quà © es importante el date for filing si no se puede obtener la green card hasta que llega la fecha del final action? Pues porque si se est en Estados Unidos y se puede ajustar el estatus, en el momento en que se  presentan esos papeles se adquieren ciertos derechos, como la posibilidad de aplicar por un permiso de trabajo o de solicitar una autorizacià ³n para viajar fuera de Estados Unidos y regresar que se conoce como advance parole. Por el contrario, los emigrantes fuera de Estados Unidos que siguen lo que se conoce como un procedimiento consular sà ³lo deben estar atentos al final action date. Cuando llega esa fecha para su categorà ­a  es el Centro Nacional de Visas quien inicia la tramitacià ³n de los à ºltimos pasos de la peticià ³n de la green card. Boletà ­n de visas agosto  2019. Fechas de corte final action Categorà ­a F1, hijos/as de ciudadano solteros y mayores de 21 aà ±os Mà ©xico: 1 de agosto de 1996Resto Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de julio de 2012 Categorà ­a F2A, cà ³nyuges de residentes y sus hijos solteros menores de 21 Mà ©xico: corrienteResto Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: corriente Categorà ­a F2B, hijos de residente solteros mayores de 21 Mà ©xico: 1 de junio de 1998Resto Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de enero de 2014 Categorà ­a F3, hijos casados de ciudadano Mà ©xico: 1 de diciembre de 1995Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 22 de junio de 2007 Categorà ­a F4, hermanos de ciudadano Mà ©xico: 1 de enero de 1997Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de octubre de 2006 Categorà ­a por trabajo Primera, Tercera y Otros Todos los paà ­ses: 1 de julio de 2016 Categorà ­as por trabajo Segunda Todos los paà ­ses: 1 de enero de 2017 Categorà ­as por trabajo Cuarta y Trabajadores Religiosos Mà ©xico: 1 de julio de 2016El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras: 1 de julio de 2016Resto de los paà ­ses de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: fecha corriente Boletà ­n de visas agosto 2019 Fechas de corte dates for filing Categorà ­a F1, hijos solteros de ciudadano mayores de 21 aà ±os Mà ©xico: 1 de noviembre de 1999Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de marzo de 2013 Categorà ­a F2A, cà ³nyuges de residentes e hijos solteros menores de 21 Mà ©xico: 1 de junio de 2019Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de junio de 2019 Categorà ­a F2B, hijos solteros de residentes mayores de 21 Mà ©xico: 1 de febrero de 1999Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 1 de septiembre de 2014 Categorà ­a F3, hijos casados de ciudadano Mà ©xico: 15 de julio de 2000Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 22 de diciembre de 2007 Categorà ­a F4, hermanos de ciudadanos Mà ©xico: 15 de diciembre de 1998Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a: 15 de diciembre de 2006 Categorà ­a por trabajo Primera Todos los paà ­ses hispanohablantes: 1 de septiembre de 2018 Categorà ­a por trabajo Segunda, Tercera y Otros Todos los paà ­ses hispanohablantes: fecha corriente Categorà ­a por trabajo Cuarta y Trabajadores religiosos Mà ©xico: fecha corrienteEl Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras: 1 de septiembre de 2016Otros paà ­ses hispanohablantes: fecha corriente Cà ³mo entender el boletà ­n de visas Lo primero es tener a mano la fecha de prioridad que es el dà ­a en el que se presentà ³ la solicitud. A continuacià ³n, determinar  si la peticià ³n es de familia o por trabajo y si aplica el final date (persona para la que se piden los papeles est fuera de EE.UU) o, por el contrario, el dates for filing (persona para la que se piden los papeles est en EE.UU. y puede ajustar su estatus). El paso siguiente es determinar la categorà ­a de la persona pedida. En el caso de familia, como se explicà ³ anteriormente, se puede ser F1, F2A, F2B, F3 o F4. En el caso de peticiones de trabajo se puede ser categorà ­as 1, 2, 3, 4, Otros o Religiosos.   Una vez que se conocen todos los datos, corresponde buscar el el bloque de informacià ³n que aplica. Por ejemplo, si el hijo casado de un ciudadano es la persona pedida y est en Estados Unidos y puede pedir un ajuste de estatus, le interesa el dates for filing por familia. Luego tendrà ­a que mirar su categorà ­a. En el caso del ejemplo, un hijo casado de ciudadano es un F3 y a continuacià ³n verificar la columna segà ºn su paà ­s de nacimiento, si es de Mà ©xico es una, y si es de otro paà ­s, la otra. Finalmente, mirar su fecha de prioridad y compararla con la fecha del boletà ­n de visa. En el boletà ­n de visas de mayo de 2018 para un F3 de Mà ©xico que puede ajustar su estatus, la fecha de corte es 8 de septiembre de 2006. Si su fecha de prioridad fuera ms antigua, eso significarà ­a que podrà ­a presentar los papeles para el ajuste de estatus. Otro ejemplo distinto serà ­a el de un hermano de ciudadano que est esperando fuera de Estados Unidos y es de Colombia. En este caso se tratarà ­a de  un final action por familia. Adems, como es un hermano de ciudadano serà ­a un F4 y, como no es de Mà ©xico, tendrà ­a que fijarse en la columna de Resto de Latinoamà ©rica y Espaà ±a. La fecha de corte para esa categorà ­a para mayo de 2018 es 8 de enero de 1998. Si tuviera una fecha de prioridad ms antigua, eso querrà ­a decir que en unas semanas el Centro Nacional de Visas le contactar para pedirle papeles para iniciar ya la tramitacià ³n final hacia la green card. Quà © pasa cuando llega la fecha de corte del boletà ­n de visas Cuando la fecha de prioridad de una persona es ms antigua que la fecha de corte de su categorà ­a que aparece en el boletà ­n de visas se inicia el proceso final para la sacar green card. A partir de ese momento puede estimarse que las gestiones restantes se demorarn, aproximadamente, medio aà ±o. En los trmites a hacer destacan la presentacià ³n de las planillas y documentos de affidavit of support, es decir, sostenimiento econà ³mico por parte de patrocinador. Es de interà ©s conocer cà ³mo  afectan las deudas o el mal crà ©dito en las peticiones de green card. Tambià ©n es el momento de realizar el examen mà ©dico y de presentarse para la gestià ³n de los datos biomà ©tricos, incluidos sacar una fotografà ­a y permitir la toma de las huellas dactilares. Causas por las que la peticià ³n de la green card no es aprobada La mayorà ­a de las peticiones de green card son aprobadas, sin embargo, la peticià ³n puede ser negada despuà ©s de todos los aà ±os de espera.  Estas son 42 causas de rechazo de la solicitud de residencia permanente. En el caso de que se diera la negacià ³n, es importante entender la causa para saber si es una negativa definitiva o, por el contrario, es posible encontrar una solucià ³n legal. Adems, es fundamental entender que no importa que el USCIS hubiera  aprobado inicialmente la peticià ³n comunicndolo en el NOA2. Eso no significa que la green card estuviera ya  aprobada sino que, simplemente, se dio  la condicià ³n para poder pedirla, es decir, la relacià ³n entre el patrocinador y patrocinado. Dà ³nde encontrar informacià ³n   Durante la tramitacià ³n de la green card es posible  obtener informacià ³n sobre su  gestià ³n, pedir ayuda o denunciar un fraude en  telà ©fonos que brindan informacià ³n  migratoria. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso migratorio.

Write Super-Fast

Write Super-Fast Write Super-Fast Write Super-Fast By Michael Writing fast and editing later is a good practice. For many people, writing super-fast is an even better practice. Heres why: If you write fast, you dont have time to criticize your writing. And the more energy you spend criticizing your writing, the less energy you will have for writing. Many amateur writers can work up a writers block for themselves with just a few sentences of self-criticism. Dont get started on that road. When you write super-fast, your writing can approach the speed of your thought. Im serious. Even non-geniuses can think much faster than they can type, once they get going. Let yourself fly. Dont slow down your brain. Letting the words flow will actually spur new thoughts, and it will at least prevent you from losing thoughts because you couldnt get them down fast enough. Until you finish writing, you shouldnt edit. Everything that anybody writes is garbage until its edited. Editing is awfully inefficient when you try to edit every word as you type it. For the first draft, try to write like the wind. Wait to edit until you start the second draft, after the sweat has dried. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†30 Nautical Expressions

A CASE STUDY of Bentley Security Company

A CASE STUDY of Bentley Security Company The work described in this report is the result of my own investigation. All sections of the text and results that have been obtained from other work are fully referenced. I understand that cheating and plagiarism constitute a breach of College Regulations and will be dealt with accordingly. Table of Contents Individual Project declaration †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ii Acknowledgment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ iv Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ v Topic Page 1 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 1.1 Case study contents †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 1.2 Introducti on of study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 1.3 Situation analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 2 Question One Answer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 2.1 Corporate Finance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 2.2 Ansoff matrix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2.3 Product Life Cycle †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 2.4 Value Chain †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2.5 Competitive position of Bentley †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 3 Question Two Answer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 3.1 Porter Five Analysis of Company †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 4 Question Three Answer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 4.1 Bentley’s Management Buyouts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 5 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.. 8 REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Abstract This case study about security company Bentley, which is providing both the products (alarms) and services (door supervisors) is ideal case study about the situation faced by medium firms and companies when they try some expansion strategy. Bentley tried an expansion strategy by going into security services along with its production business for that they went for acquisition. Unfortunately it was unable to manage it properly. There were many issues related to finance and human resource management. They have some solutions to regain their profiting position. Among those choices one is going for management buyout either for security Inc or for both businesses. They also need to look for efficiency issue of their work force. They must also invest some money into their research and development department which should brought innovation and advancement into their alarm products. Bentley can utilize their experience in industry to regain their position in the market and can also explore new market in future with innovation. 1 Introduction Before making an introduction to case study we will go through the case study material to understand situation given in the case study to get a better understanding of this case study. 1.1 Case study contents Bentley is a Security Company that has been trading in Go tham City for twenty five years. Recently, the senior management team met to review progress. Finance Director: I am concerned about our recent financial performance and it seems to me that we are in danger of being taken over at a bargain price. Our return on owner’s equity is 2% below the industry average and we have a large debt arising from the leverage purchase of Security Services Inc. What we can do to improve our financial results as soon as possible and, at the same time, convince the market that we have a long term viable future? Marketing Manager: In my view we have an excellent portfolio and our problem are mainly due to poor cost control. We progressed from our base in producing domestic alarm systems into commercial systems and then acquired Security Services Inc – which provides guard and watch services for commercial premises – that capitalized on our core skills at each stage. We decided into diversify because the domestic market was saturated a nd there have been large increases in the number of suppliers because it is now an easy business to get into as the technology has become standardized. The commercial sector was growing due to the current economic boom; but we have been stuck at 12% market share in the commercial systems market and while Security Services Inc had over 300 service contracts when we acquired it, we have not yet been able to attract any new customers.

The culture of the city of Cairo, Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Analyze the role of a manager within the functional areas of business - Essay Example The essay critically analyzes the role of a manager within the functional area of business with regards to the University of Phoenix MBA Overview Module. Managers use the marketing role to identify the type of products and services they can offer their clients. The marketing role also allows managers to advertise their supplies to customers and ensure they meet the needs of their customers(Phoenix, n.d). Through marketing, managers learn how to create a good image for their business. Businesses that have consensus right from upper management to the other managerial positions have high chances of benefiting from the marketing role of a manager. But, managers should also have adequate knowledge about the various tools to use to get an edge over their competitors. Use of the best marketing tools such as SWOT analysis and marketing mix enables the manager convince the customers to purchase the products offered. Managers can use the SWOT analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, external opportunities and threats likely to affect the business(Phoenix, n.d). Also, successful managers take advantage of existing market inefficiencies to develop a unique selling point. For managers to be successful in their marketing role, they have to understand the different factors that can affect the success of their marketing campaign. The management role of managers involves coordinating and overseeing the work done by employees. Managers regularly check on the activities done in different departments to ensure they are in line with the goals of the organization. Managers must also have the unique capabilities to use employees effectively in order to achieve business success. They need to take time to interpret basic organizational values to the employees and create an effective work environment(Phoenix, n.d). Also, they must provide the necessary resources and

Research paper on OSTEOPETROSIS Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

On OSTEOPETROSIS - Research Paper Example Mortality associated with infantile osteopetrosis is high. Those with adult osteopetrosis have longterm survival chances. In this research essay, the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment and prevention will be discussed. Purpose The main purpose of the paper is to present an overview of osteopetrosis. Pathophysiology The main defect in osteopetrosis is in osteoclast which belongs to monocyte-macrophage lineage and genetic defects leads to abnormal osteoclasts (Tolar et al, 2004). Osteoclasts are very important in the modelling and remodeling of the tissue of the bone and defective osteoclasts fail to model and remodel the bone appropriately, resulting in abnormal encroachment and deposition of bone tissue (Teitelbaum, 2000). The abnormal bone tissue is susceptible to fractures and can encroach into the bone marrow leading to bone marrow failure. it can also encroach around the nerves causing nerve entrapment syndrome. When blood vessels are affected, isch emia, especially of the bones like mandible can occur. Eventually, the patient develops multiple fractures, anemia, bleeding disorders and sepsis (Bhargava, and Griffing, 2009). Clinical presentation The clinical presentation depends on the type of osteopetrosis.

CS346-1501A-01 User Interface Design Phase 3 DB Coursework

CS346-1501A-01 User Interface Design Phase 3 DB - Coursework Example The purpose of this paper is to highlight the different benefits of usability test and how effective it becomes when developing an application that utilizes one of the rapid application methodologies. The most important reason for performing a usability test is to ensure that the design is what the user needs because there are very many websites and designs, which are very similar. Users always go for the easy and efficient websites, sites that are easy to use increase user satisfaction hence the company gets more users, and it also edges competition from their rivals. It is at this stage, designers identify the need to alter the design with an aim of improving user performance and satisfaction. These tests also help to analyze the performance and check whether it meets its outlined objectives. However, a formal laboratory is not necessary to facilitate such tests, the most important part is that there should be a user and an observer who can be in the same room with the user or can alternatively use another. Portable recording equipment is not necessary for such scenarios. Usability test has proved to be essential in the development of any type of products that endeavors to capture the consumer who is the user in this case. In reference to rapid application development, usability test is vital since it provides the required information about the requirements and the different ways of testing the designs (Edrington 1999). In this type of model, the different components are developed in parallel as if they are just sub projects. The designers arrange the developments and deliver them into a working prototype. It is at this stage that the user achieves something visible to see and try out to provide feedback in regards to phase. RAD model encourages the feedback of the customer, which is the backbone of the usability test because it depends solely on the customer to provide information about the type of product that will suit him. On the

The purpose of this analysis is to apply the industry analysis models Essay

The purpose of this analysis is to apply the industry analysis models introduced in chapter four. The two models are PESTEL and - Essay Example Rationale behind choosing the Retail Sector The study has selected retail sector under NAICS with code 44-45 (NAICS, 2013b). The retail sector is an important sector which covers a wide area of the business in today’s world. The retail trade market accounts for almost 12.4 percent of the total business establishments in United States. The single store businesses are said to account for almost 95 percent of the entire United States retailers. Some of the big retailing companies include Wal-Mart, Zara, Target Corporation, Benetton Group etc. However, this study would be focusing on the retail trade industry in Canada. The study has selected this sector as it covers a wide segment of the business world with huge growth prospects. NAICS Industry Profile: Retail Trade Industry Retail trade is the sale of products and services by the individuals or the businesses to the end users. The retailers include a part of the integrated system known as the supply chain. The retailer buys prod ucts or goods from the manufacturers in large quantities either directly or through whole sale and then sells them in small quantities to the customers in order to gain good profit. This industry covers a huge portion of the businesses where retailing can be done in fixed locations by means of stores and markets, or can be delivered to the customers directly. The term retailer is applicable for the service providers as well. These service providers provide services like electric power, public utility and such for many individuals. The industry comprises of small business shops. These shops may be located in the residential streets, different shopping streets or in the shopping malls. Online retailing being one type of electronic commerce which is utilized in the business to consumer transactions i.e. B2C include non-shop retailing. The retailing industry can be said to be one of the most dynamic industries in the world. It is considered as the one of the ever growing businesses cate ring products and services to the changing needs and demands of the customers. The companies belonging to this particular industry sell the merchandises or products to its consumers from a definite location. Retail industry is the second biggest industry in entire United States in terms of both number of employees and establishments (Research and Markets, 2013). It generates a retail sale of $ 3.8 trillion annually. It also includes the largest sector worldwide. The next part of the project would be conducting the macro environmental analysis of the retail trade industry by means of PESTEL Analysis and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis. PESTEL Analysis The PESTEL Analysis helps in describing an essential framework of different macro environmental factors which are used in the environmental scanning of a particular organization (Pettigrew, Whittington & Thomas, 2006; Lorat, 2009). Political/Legal Canada is a democratic country with one parliamentary government. It consists of thre e main parts: a) Federal, b) Provisional and c) Municipal (Parliament of Canada, 2012). The government provides huge scope for the retail industry. It facilitates the growth in the industry. The policies on the economy and trading agreements as specified by NAFTA are essential to be followed by the companies operating in this industry (Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada, 2013). The increased limitations in the

By using the bookVibe History of Hip Hop, Yes, Yes Yall, and unit 1&4, Essay

By using the bookVibe History of Hip Hop, Yes, Yes Yall, and unit 1, critique and comparing and contrasting the information, the presentation, the relevance - Essay Example Such as his song for Hailie in 'mocking bird' and how he feels he has screwed up for her in 'when I'm gone'. Rap is music, music is entertainment, rap is feelings and emotions and to entertain with feelings and emotions one has to be able to gain control of them to be able to logic whether a person is proper or improper in the means they show their mentality. Not all rappers do this whether because they feel it's a freedom and democracy of discussion and rapping about what could drive others crazy or about the dictatorship of what they believe to be correct and true on life issues which they have learned growing up, like 50-cent's saying that where he comes from has no plan B so he's got to take the chances he's got to be able to face life consequently 'properly'. Most youth have no experience in life except what they read, listen to in music and thus relate to it in a manner which is shallow because it is shallow in words and this is why they could 'relate' because it is not literature by Victor Hugo or Roman Roland in his tragedy 'Antoinette'.

The purpose of this analysis is to apply the industry analysis models Essay

The purpose of this analysis is to apply the industry analysis models introduced in chapter four. The two models are PESTEL and - Essay Example Rationale behind choosing the Retail Sector The study has selected retail sector under NAICS with code 44-45 (NAICS, 2013b). The retail sector is an important sector which covers a wide area of the business in today’s world. The retail trade market accounts for almost 12.4 percent of the total business establishments in United States. The single store businesses are said to account for almost 95 percent of the entire United States retailers. Some of the big retailing companies include Wal-Mart, Zara, Target Corporation, Benetton Group etc. However, this study would be focusing on the retail trade industry in Canada. The study has selected this sector as it covers a wide segment of the business world with huge growth prospects. NAICS Industry Profile: Retail Trade Industry Retail trade is the sale of products and services by the individuals or the businesses to the end users. The retailers include a part of the integrated system known as the supply chain. The retailer buys prod ucts or goods from the manufacturers in large quantities either directly or through whole sale and then sells them in small quantities to the customers in order to gain good profit. This industry covers a huge portion of the businesses where retailing can be done in fixed locations by means of stores and markets, or can be delivered to the customers directly. The term retailer is applicable for the service providers as well. These service providers provide services like electric power, public utility and such for many individuals. The industry comprises of small business shops. These shops may be located in the residential streets, different shopping streets or in the shopping malls. Online retailing being one type of electronic commerce which is utilized in the business to consumer transactions i.e. B2C include non-shop retailing. The retailing industry can be said to be one of the most dynamic industries in the world. It is considered as the one of the ever growing businesses cate ring products and services to the changing needs and demands of the customers. The companies belonging to this particular industry sell the merchandises or products to its consumers from a definite location. Retail industry is the second biggest industry in entire United States in terms of both number of employees and establishments (Research and Markets, 2013). It generates a retail sale of $ 3.8 trillion annually. It also includes the largest sector worldwide. The next part of the project would be conducting the macro environmental analysis of the retail trade industry by means of PESTEL Analysis and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis. PESTEL Analysis The PESTEL Analysis helps in describing an essential framework of different macro environmental factors which are used in the environmental scanning of a particular organization (Pettigrew, Whittington & Thomas, 2006; Lorat, 2009). Political/Legal Canada is a democratic country with one parliamentary government. It consists of thre e main parts: a) Federal, b) Provisional and c) Municipal (Parliament of Canada, 2012). The government provides huge scope for the retail industry. It facilitates the growth in the industry. The policies on the economy and trading agreements as specified by NAFTA are essential to be followed by the companies operating in this industry (Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development Canada, 2013). The increased limitations in the

Conference Management System Essay Example for Free

Conference Management System Essay In Java EE 6, JAX-WS provides the functionality for â€Å"big† web services, which are described in Chapter 19, Building Web Services with JAX-WS. Big web services use XML messages that follow the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) standard, an XML language defining a message architecture and message formats. Such systems often contain a machine-readable description of the operations offered by the service, written in the Web Services Description Language (WSDL), an XML language for defining interfaces syntactically. The SOAP message format and the WSDL interface definition language have gained widespread adoption. Many development tools, such as NetBeans IDE, can reduce the complexity of developing web service applications. A SOAP-based design must include the following elements. †¢ A formal contract must be established to describe the interface that the web service offers. WSDL can be used to describe the details of the contract, which may include messages, operations, bindings, and the location of the web service. You may also process SOAP messages in a JAX-WS service without publishing a WSDL. †¢ The architecture must address complex nonfunctional requirements. Many web service specifications address such requirements and establish a common vocabulary for them. Examples include transactions, security, addressing, trust, coordination, and so on. †¢ The architecture needs to handle asynchronous processing and invocation. In such cases, the infrastructure provided by standards, such as Web Services Reliable Messaging (WSRM), and APIs, such as JAX-WS, with their client-side asynchronous invocation support, can be leveraged out of the box. RESTful Web Services In Java EE 6, JAX-RS provides the functionality for Representational State Transfer (RESTful) web services. REST is well suited for basic, ad hoc integration scenarios. RESTful web services, often better integrated with HTTP than SOAP-based services are, do not require XML messages or WSDL service–API definitions. Project Jersey is the production-ready reference implementation for the JAX-RS specification. Jersey implements support for the annotations defined in the JAX-RS specification, making it easy for developers to build RESTful web services with Java and the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Because RESTful web services use existing well-known W3C and Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards (HTTP, XML, URI, MIME) and have a lightweight infrastructure that allows services to be built with minimal tooling, developing RESTful web services is inexpensive and thus has a very low barrier for adoption. You can use a development tool such as NetBeans IDE to further reduce the complexity of developing RESTful web services. A RESTful design may be appropriate when the following conditions are met. †¢ The web services are completely stateless. A good test is to consider whether the interaction can survive a restart of the server. †¢ A caching infrastructure can be leveraged for performance. If the data that the web service returns is not dynamically generated and can be cached, the caching infrastructure that web servers and other intermediaries inherently provide can be leveraged to improve performance. However, the developer must take care because such caches are limited to the HTTP GET method for most servers. †¢ The service producer and service consumer have a mutual understanding of the context and content being passed along. Because there is no formal way to describe the web services interface, both parties must agree out of band on the schemas that describe the data being exchanged and on ways to process it meaningfully. In the real world, most commercial applications that expose services as RESTful implementations also distribute so-called value-added too lkits that describe the interfaces to developers in popular programming languages. †¢ Bandwidth is particularly important and needs to be limited. REST is particularly useful for limited-profile devices, such as PDAs and mobile phones, for which the overhead of headers and additional layers of SOAP elements on the XML payload must be restricted. †¢ Web service delivery or aggregation into existing web sites can be enabled easily with a RESTful style. Developers can use such technologies as JAX-RS and Asynchronous JavaScript with XML (AJAX) and such toolkits as Direct Web Remoting (DWR) to consume the services in their web applications. Rather than starting from scratch, services can be exposed with XML and consumed by HTML pages without significantly refactoring the existing web site architecture. Existing developers will be more productive because they are adding to something they are already familiar with rather than having to start from scratch with new technology. RESTful web services are discussed in Chapter 20, Building RESTful Web Services with JAX-RS. This chapter contains information about generating the skeleton of a RESTful web service using both NetBeans IDE and the Maven project management tool. Deciding Which Type of Web Service to Use Basically, you would want to use RESTful web services for integration over the web and use big web services in enterprise application integration scenarios that have advanced quality of service (QoS) requirements. †¢ JAX-WS: addresses advanced QoS requirements commonly occurring in enterprise computing. When compared to JAX-RS, JAX-WS makes it easier to support the WS-* set of protocols, which provide standards for security and reliability, among other things, and interoperate with other WS-* conforming clients and servers. †¢ JAX-RS: makes it easier to write web applications that apply some or all of the constraints of the REST style to induce desirable properties in the application, such as loose coupling (evolving the server is easier without breaking existing clients), scalability (start small and grow), and architectural simplicity (use off-the-shelf components, such as proxies or HTTP routers). You would choose to use JAX-RS for your web application because it is easier for many types of clients to consume RESTful web services while enabling the server side to evolve and scale. Clients can choose to consume some or all aspects of the service and mash it up with other web-based services. Types of Web services You can host simple Web services without the needing complex setup. In addition, experienced Web service developers can host more complex services by handling the deployment details themselves. Types of Web services include simple and complex: Simple Web services For simple Web services, only simple data types (string, int, and other types) are sent or received as arguments and values that are returned from methods. You must specify the Java class that provides the implementation for the Web service. InfoSphereâ„ ¢ MDM Server for PIM handles generating any WSDL, and creating any WSDD (Web Services Deployment Descriptor) for the deployment of the service. Complex Web services For more complex Web services, you provide WSDD to configure the ability to send and receive more than simple types. You author and provide the WSDD in the WSDD field in the Web Service Console, or through the WebService::setWsddDocPath() script operation. IBM ® InfoSphere Master Data Management Server for Product Information Management uses the WSDD to deploy the defined service instead of using default WSDD for IBM InfoSphere Master Data Management Server for Product Information Management. You must have a good understanding of Web services to author your WSDD. You must also know the Java2WSDL, and WSDL2Java tools in case you break your deployment with the complex Web service.+ Big web services Big web services are based on SOAP standard and often contain a WSDL to describe the interface that the web service offers. The details of the contract may include messages, operations, bindings, and the location of the web service. Big web services includes architecture to address complex non-functional requirements like transactions, security, addressing, trust, coordination, and also handles asynchronous processing and invocation. The SOAP message format and the WSDL interface definition language have gained widespread adoption in traditional enterprises. SOAP based Web Services is a great solution when you need, †¢ Asynchronous processing †¢ Reliability †¢ Stateful operations – If the application needs contextual information and conversational state management then SOAP 1.2 has the additional specification in the WS* structure to support those things (Security, Transactions, Coordination, etc). RESTful Web Services RESTful web services are based on the way how our web works. Our very own world wide web (www) – the largest distributed application – is based on an architectural style called REST – Representational State Transfer. REST is neither a standard nor a protocol. It is just an architectural style like say for example client-server architecture (client-server is neither a standard nor a protocol). Web services following this architectural style are said to be RESTful Web services. So what is this REST? According to Roy Fielding who coined this term, â€Å"Representational State Transfer is intended to evoke an image of how a well-designed Web application behaves: Presented with a network of web pages (a virtual state-machine), the user progresses through an application by selecting links (state transitions), resulting in the next page (representing the next state of the application) being transferred to the user and rendered for their use.† In the web, everythi ng is identified by resources. When we type a URL in the browser we are actually requesting a resource present on the server. A representation of the resource (normally a page) is returned to the user which depicts the state of the application. On clicking any other link, the application transfers state with the new representation of the resource. Hence the name Representational State Transfer. REST-style architecture follows this concept and consists of clients and servers. Clients initiate requests to servers; servers process requests and return appropriate responses. Requests and responses are built around the transfer of representations of resources which are identified by URI (Uniform Resource Identifier). RESTful web services are based on HTTP protocol and its methods mainly PUT, GET, POST, and DELETE. These web services are better integrated with HTTP than SOAP-based services are, and as such do not require XML SOAP messages or WSDL service definitions. Because RESTful web services use existing well-known standards (HTTP, XML, URI, MIME) and have a lightweight infrastructure that allows services to be built with minimal tooling, developing RESTful web services is inexpensive and thus has a very low barrier for adoption. RESTful Web Service HTTP methods A RESTful web services is a collection of resources. For example, consider an office has deployed a web services to get a list of employees and to get individual employee data for use with other departments. The web service makes available a URL to a ‘list of employees’ resource. For example, a client would use this URL to get the employee list: http://www.example.com/myoffice/employees On sending a request to that particular URL, the client would receive the following document. |1| | |2|234 | |3|235 | |4|236 | |5|237 | |6| | The above document contains the links to get detailed info about each employee. This is a key feature of REST. The client transfers from one state to the next by examining and choosing from among the alternative URLs in the response document. To get individual employee information, the web service makes available a URL to each employee resource. For example, to get employee information whose id is 237, the client may send a request to the following URL: http://www.example.com/myoffice/employee/237 And the response document containing the employee information may be as follows: |1 | | |2 |237 | |3 |xyz | |4 |abc | |5 |123 ABC St | |6 |3344.56 | |7 | | [pic] We have seen the use of HTTP GET method to get the information. In the same way, we can use the other HTTP methods like POST, PUT and DELETE. The logical meaning of these HTTP methods for the URL http://www.example.com/myoffice/employees is as follows, †¢ When a HTTP POST request is sent to the above URL with an employee data, the data will be added to the employee list. †¢ When a HTTP PUT request is sent to the above URL with a list of employees then the original list will be modified with this employee list. †¢ When a HTTP DELETE request is sent to the above URL then the entire list of employees will be deleted. Similarly for the URL http://www.example.com/myoffice/employee/237 the actions may be interpreted as follows, †¢ When a HTTP POST request is sent to the above URL, treat the addressed member as a collection in its own right and create a new entry in it. o For example consider a situation where the employee works in a particular department and the URL http://www.example.com/myoffice/dept/A1205 represents the list of employees working in department A1205. So a POST request to this URL with employee data will add an employee data to that particular department. †¢ When a HTTP PUT request is sent to the above URL then modify that particular employee with the new request data or create if employee does not exist. †¢ When a HTTP DELETE request is sent to the above URL then delete that particular employee. In this REST form of communication, the service producer and service consumer should have a mutual understanding of the context and content (XML) being passed along. Because there is no WSDL to describe the web services interface, both parties must agree on the schemas that describe the data being exchanged and on ways to process it meaningfully. A RESTful design may be appropriate when, †¢ The web services are completely stateless. †¢ The data that the web service returns is not dynamically generated and can be cached. o The caching infrastructure that web servers provide can be leveraged to improve performance. However, the developer must take care because such caches are limited to HTTP GET method for most servers. †¢ The service producer and service consumer have a mutual understanding of the context and content being passed along. †¢ Bandwidth is particularly important and needs to be limited. o REST is particularly useful for limited-profile devices, such as PDAs and mobile phones, for which the overhead of headers and additional layers of SOAP elements on the XML payload must be restricted. †¢ Web service delivery or aggregation into existing web sites is to be enabled.

A Revolutionary Road | Analysis

A Revolutionary Road | Analysis In a society that promotes conformity it is hard enough to come to find oneself as an individual and to find your own identity. In a society that sucks the best out of our personality. Maintaining your own identity has little chance when being around a false image of affluence. This place is known as the suburbs. The ideas of deception pulled in a lot of people that were raised around nice families that only had the American Dream in their mind. In Revolutionary Road, by Richard Yates, Frank and April Wheeler are sucked into suburbia with the dream of raising their two kids in a safe and comfortable area. But, as the two quickly find out, suburbia is not all its cracked up to be. Soon, suburbia and the complimentary standard gender role poses a problem for the couple as their relationship begins to deteriorate over time. But, in order to understand the situation, you must first understand the times. The suburbs were created as an escape from the hectic and, sometimes, dangerous life in the city. As time went on, the suburbs became known as a middles class paradise with ties to a nearby big city. Along with the suburbs came the stereotypical suburban family. The father was the head of the family while his wife was completely under his rule. Her main job was to take care of the kids and cook for the tired man when he got home. This family was supposed to have everything together and be the picture perfect example of the achievement of the American Dream. This stereotypical view of the suburbs created a strong misconception that attracted many families to the area and created a place void of individualism. The fantasy of the American Dream in the 1950s formed a naive view of suburban life and its equivalent standard gender roles and rigid view of the ideal family structure. The American Dream in the 1950s produced an idealistic view of life in the suburbs. In Dwight D. Eisenhowers State of the Union address in 1954, he describes what is the beginning of suburbia when he says, The details of a program to enlarge and improve the opportunities for our people to acquire good homes will be presented to the Congress by special message on January 25. This program will include: Modernization of the home mortgage insurance program of the Federal Government (Eisenhower). This place, as endorsed by one of the most popular presidents of all time, was sugar-coated from its inception. When Eisenhower spoke, people listened. When he endorses a housing development that will improve the opportunities for anyone living there that can help them achieve the American Dream, the public was willing to jump on the bandwagon in a moments notice. So began the false advertisement of the suburbs that ensnared so many families with good intentions of bringing up a beautiful family in a place that was supposed to ease them along the way. In an article about the history of American families, the author describes how people derived their beliefs on the typical suburban family by saying, The Leave It to Beaver ideal of breadwinner father, full-time homemaker mother and dependent children was a fiction of the 1950s, she shows. Real families of that period were rife with conflict, repression and anxiety, frequently poor and much less idyllic than many assume; teen pregnancy rates in the 50s were higher than today (The Way). The false impression that a popular television show had on 1950s society contributed to the even greater fallacy that all suburban families had everything together. The reality is that the suburbs was a place stricken with the same basic problems that everyone else had and maybe even more. Many families were under the impression that everything was going fine because they had all the elements of a traditional suburban family: a breadwinning dad, a stay-at-home mom, and servile children. But, simply being able to claim these things does not make a family tantamount to the perfect family that they are perceived to be as evidenced by the conflict, repression, and anxiety. In Richard Portons article on the American Dream and the suburban nightmare, he describes the delusion that many families drowned in when he argues, Lewis Mumford maintained that the suburb served as an asylum for the preservation of illusion. He fumed that suburbia was not merely a child-centered environment; it was based on a childish view of the world' (Porton). Since the suburbs were associated with prosperity and happiness, they also became linked to the American Dream. When families entered this suburban paradise they immediately became seduced by the lore and awe of finally achieving that dream. Unfortunately, many never came out of that dream and continued to be deceived by this fantasy land that was almost juvenile at times. It is easy, now, to be o n the outside looking in and wonder how they fail to see that things crashing down around them. But since they were so deeply rooted in their dream world, it seemed that everything was going perfectly when, in reality, their personal life was a disaster. The American Dream provided the fuel that led to the conflagration that was the impractical view of suburbia. The American Dream in the suburbs formed absurd family roles that were usually stereotypical. In an article about the role of women in the 1950s, the author explains, Women who spent too much time outside the home, social commentators were quick to warn, were endangering their families, neglecting their husbands and especially their children. Life magazine, in a special issue devoted to the American woman, deplored the changing roles of married couples and placed most of the blame on the increasingly aggressive wife (Womens Roles). The fact that women had to be regulated shows how they were mistreated and forced to fit into a role that no one could be completely happy with. A woman who wanted pursue a career was viewed as overaggressive and held responsible for the breakdown of the family. Women were expected to sacrifice themselves for the family and become stay-at-home mothers all because that is what American society says a perfect mother should do. In the same article, the author says, The belief in a womans destined social role was reinforced by the popular media of the dayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The magazines of the time were filled with images of dedicated housewives whose only pleasures were that their families were satisfied and their chores made easier (Womens Roles). From the start, women never really had a chance to become what they wanted or pursue a career. From an early age, it was drilled into them that they would become a mother and that they would look to their husband to bring home the bread and make important decisions. The American Dream stripped women of their ability to overcome the status quo by sending a relentless message that their purpose in life was to become a housewife and nothing more or less. In another article about the plight of the 1950s woman, the author says, When women started complaining of boredom, society invented the sowing and quilt making clubs. They would do anything to please their men because their life depended on them s o much. To disagree with her husband would have been the gravest of all errors. The men had almost total control over their wives (A Womans Role). Women who tried to establish themselves as an individual and stand up against societys twisted view of what a suburban family should look like were repeatedly shoved back into their rightful place. When women started getting out of line, men were quick to invent something to occupy their time and get their minds back on their tasks. Disagreeing with the man was an unforgiveable mistake that could have negative consequences in the future. In spite of their will to change, efforts to change the system were kept at bay by the scheming man who did not want to see his power diminished by a lowly, rebellious wife. Overall, the American Dream shaped an unjust role for women in suburban society. In Revolutionary Road, the foolish quest for the American Dream creates an unbalanced family with identity problems and, quite often, complete subjugation. As Frank finally convinces April that having an abortion would be a terrible mistake, she cries in his arms as he proudly thinks, And it seemed to him now that no single moment of his life had ever contained a better proof of manhood than that, if any proof were needed: holding that tamed, submissive girl and saying, Oh, my lovely; oh, my lovely, while she promised she would bear his child (Yates 52). The head of the family in the ideal suburban household was the father. This father was supposed to have everything in complete control and solve every problem that crossed his family. By conquering his wifes emotions and desires, Frank establishes himself as the rightful head of the family because that is what he thinks he is supposed to do. His actions were influenced by the ridiculous thinking of that time period and not because he truly believes that was how he should have handled the situation. When Frank tries to diagnose Aprils problems, he rants on and on about a story of a girl who wished to be a boy and says, I think we can assume, though, he said, just on the basis of common sense, that if the most little girls do have this thing about wanting to be boys, they probably get over it in time by observing and admiring and wanting to emulate their mothers- I mean you know, attract a man, establish a home, have children and so on' (Yates 245). Franks ignorant comments show the fallacy in the thinking of the 1950s. He says that their goal in life was to attract men and bear their children. Franks comments show the misunderstanding of suburban families because it is hard to believe that someones lifelong goals would be that shallow and without any other ambitions. Women probably wanted more than that but were sucked into believing that that was all they should want which eliminated them as an individual and l ed them to be controlled by men. After a fight with April, Frank leaves to go do yard work and thinks to himself, Even so, once the first puffing and dizziness was over, he began to like the muscular pull and the sweat of it, and the smell of the earth. At least it was a mans work. At least, squatting to rest on the wooded slope, he could look down and see his house the way a house ought to look on a fine spring day, safe on its carpet of green, the frail white sanctuary of a mans love, a mans wife and children (Yates 47). Under the influence of suburban folklore, Frank feels that he needs to establish his identity as a man by physically exerting himself and doing something that no woman could do. The sweat on his brow and the strain of a good days work are what make Frank feel like a man all because someone said that was how a man should act and how a man should feel. The immense workload gives Frank a feeling of masculinity that no woman can give him. Instead of solving his proble ms with April, he decides to do what a man was supposed to do in that situation instead of the right thinking to do. By and large, the ideal suburban family was so heavily influenced by the American Dream that they failed to find themselves and, instead, fell into a general role that they did not belong nor function well in. In Revolutionary Road, the American Dream has also created a warped and impractical view in the minds of suburban families. When April tries to convince Frank to move to Paris, she tries to pry him from his suburban way of thinking by arguing, Because you see I happen to think this is unrealistic. I think its unrealistic for a man with a fine mind to go on working like a dog year after year at a job he cant stand, coming home to a house he cant stand in a place he cant stand either, to a wife whos equally unable to stand the same things, living among a bunch of frightened little my God, Frank, I dont have to tell you whats wrong with this environment Im practically quoting you. Just last night when the Campbells were here, remember what you said about the whole idea of suburbia being to keep reality at bay? You said everybody wanted to bring up their children in a bath of sentimentality. You said - (Yates 115). At this point, April finally sees the lies that they were sucked into when they first bought a home in the suburbs. She is trying to convince Frank who, although he has realized the same lies, is still having trouble letting go of a doctrine that he has held fast to for so long. She realizes that what she and Frank have been experiencing in the past few years is not reality and that they need to find a way to break free and Paris would be a great place to do so. In the same instance, April goes further to say, Thats how we both got committed to this enormous delusion- because thats what it is, an enormous, obscene delusion- this idea that people have to resign from real life and settle down when they have families. Its the great sentimental lie of the suburbs, and Ive been making you subscribe to it all this time (Yates 117). April continues to elaborate on the lies that were told to the couple when they entered the fabled suburbia. When they first got there, they were led to believe that starting a family was the end to real life. The whole time they had been living a lie that neither of them was willing to admit which caused a loss in crucial years of their lives that could have been spent establishing their family as a unique tight-knit group that was not influenced by the ignorance of the time period. When Frank and April go on a walk with John Givings, he fumes on and on about the self-deception of suburbia and the failures of society by stating, Its as if everybodyd made this tacit agreement to live in a state of total self-deception. The hell with reality! Lets have a whole bunch of cute little winding roads and cute little houses painted white and pink and baby blue; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and if old reality ever does pop out and say Boo well all get busy and pretend it never happened (Yates 68-69). John hits the nail on the head when he describes the fantasy that the people of the 1950s live in. He describes suburbia as a flowery place where everything looks t he same and everyone lives far away from reality. When confronted with reality, they act as if it never occurred and go back to the dream that they never want to wake up from never mind the fact that it is destroying them as a person. The American Dream in their lives has distorted their take on reality and led to them to believe that their way of life is real. By listening to the lies of the American Dream, suburban families were deceived into creating a dream world away from bona fide life that the rest of the world had to face every day. The desire for the American Dream in the mid-1900s created an immature outlook on suburban life and its corresponding gender roles and unyielding doctrine of the perfect family. Ever since its creation, suburbia has been sugarcoated to please potential home buyers and consequentially ensnared many families during the 1950s through its bold but enticing lies and the twisted view on what a real American family should look like. It produced absurd roles for a family that made it hard to function properly and took advantage of the wife by forcing her to subject to her husband. Furthermore, the suburbs distracted its residents from real life by giving them a false euphoria that rarely lasted long. Finally, it made many people give up their dreams and sacrifice their individuality in order to conform to its views. Its never beneficial to give up your identity which is why so many families have suffered and continue to suffer even today. Rather, it is always best to preserve the individual inside rather than change your beliefs and morals to fit society. Posttramatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Effects Posttramatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Effects A War Without End:  The Struggle of Posttramatic Stress Disorder Abstract This analysis is divided into two major parts. The first portion is dedicated to describing  posttramatic stress disorder, as well as the stress response and its contribution to developing PTSD. Along with describing PTSD is a reaction to a Frontline Documentary on veterans struggling with the  disorder. The second portion is an analysis of a personal friend that is currently undergoing treatment  for PTSD. Though the information of his treatment is true, information about his identity or personal  life will be altered. Part I. The issue of PTSD has gained a lot of attention with the United States fourteen year endeavor in  the middle east. The number of veterans returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan with PTSD is quite  staggering. To better understand PTSD it is important to look at stress and trauma, and how these two  mechanisms manifest. Their manifestation is crucial to our understanding of PTSD. Stress Stress can best be exemplified as our natural physiological response to a treat. To say that stress  itself is a bad thing would imply that our survival is bad. The stress response is what has allowed our  species to adapt and reach our current status. So what is the stress response? It all starts at the hypothalamus which sits dorsal to the limbic system, the system that is  responsible for our stress response. The hypothalamus than triggers our endocrine system by relaying  electrical signals to the pituitary gland, also know as the master gland of the endocrine system. When  the stimulation of the pituitary is that of a perceived threat, adrenocorticotropic hormone is released  stimulating the adrenal glands (Cohen, 2013). The adrenal cortex responds by releasing cortisol, and  the adrenal medulla releases epinephrine. Cortisol is responsible for raising glucose levels by  stimulating the release of stored glycogen in the liver. Epinephrines response is what raises heart rate,  dilates blood vessels, and prepares us for the situation that of which caused the initial reaction. All of  what falls under this description of stress results from the sympathetic nervous system, and its effect on  what is known as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ( HPA) axes (Siegel, et al. 2005). Trauma When people experience a traumatic event, in more cases than not, they attach an emotional  response to said event. Looking at traumas long term effects, we see that these responses can be acted  out through unpredictable behavior/emotion, flashbacks, unstable relationships, and even physical  pains (APA, 2013). Trauma can affect anyone at any age, and can result from events such as rape,  abuse, and as it is most prevalent to this topic, combat. When someone suffers from trauma, a nonthreatening  event can set off a stress response if triggered in some way (Comer, 2014). PTSD In a simplified explanation of posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD could be seen as an over  active stress response that follows a traumatic, or series of traumatic events. As is common with those  who see combat or the gruesome consequences of combat, PTSD has left psychological scars on the  veterans who return home after serving. A 2005 Frontline documentary depicted PTSD in a way that was both informative and  emotional. One point that stood out about the documentary was the culture of military life, especially in  the army and marines. The culture is basically this; Being violent and reactive is very much  encouraged, showing empathy is weakness, disobeying an order is cowardice, and showing signs of  psychological issues is as cowardice as it is weak. Because of this disturbing belief system it is really  not a topic to stay politically correct on. Let us start with the fact that violence and reactivity are  considered virtues of a soldier. Finding a peaceful resolution has never resulted from fighting fire with  fire. Attempts to find peace are crushed by the surge of reaction (Martin Luther King Jr., 1965), and for  a very obvious reason. When someone is reactive in a situation that does not readily call for it, more  times than not mistakes are made. In the case of Rob, this issue came center stage when he opened fire  on a civilian women after hearing reports of suicide bombers. She fell with a white flag in her hand  (Frontline, 2005). It is not Robs fault that this civilian died, but rather a consequence of war. He felt  that the threat of a suicide bombing was approaching, and instinctively tried to preserve his life, and the  men he fought along side. When he began to struggle with the event, the men around him labeled him a  coward. Robs story is not uncommon for those who have fought in this war. Turning to a soldier by the  name of Jeff, we see the consequences of not seeking help after a traumatic event. According to the  Frontline documentary, Jeff told his family of a haunting memory which seems to depict the  consequece of blindly following orders. Jeff was commanded to execute two unarmed prisoners of  war, and his obedience cost him his sanity. Jeffs mental decline was shown through his abuse and  excessive use of alcohol (Frontline, 2005). Jeff committed suicide roughly about a year after serving,  which alcohol could be seen as a contributing factor. The experiences of those interviewed in the Frontline Documentary provided great insight in  terms of PTSD, and with this insight the signs and symptoms can easily be spotted. With this  information a brief diagnostic assessment will be attempted, and as stated earlier, some of the  information about this particular individual has been altered. Part II. Background John is a white male in his mid-twenties. He was released from active duty in the Army July,  2013. John has been receiving psychiatric care for PTSD for a year and a half, and he claims that he has  been improving. His psychiatrist has him undergoing drug treatment to help with the symptoms. As is  common with those suffering from PTSD, John takes Lithium to help with his anxiety and feelings of  depression attributed to stress. As an adolescent John was diagnosed with ADHD, and had been  prescribed Adderall up until 10th grade. He has been back on Adderall for the past six month to help  with concentration, and also for the anti-anxiety benefits of taking a low dose stimulant. Behavior John is rather evasive when talking about his time in Afghanistan. When asked about his  experience, John seems to steer the conversation towards boot camp, seemingly as an attempt to keep  his mind off of his duty served in Afghanistan. The only thing that could be confirmed is that John had  seen combat on a number of occasions. At times his speech seems disorganized and forced. He looses  attention during conversation quite often, and has trouble holding eye contact. When John initially  returned to civilian status he began using methamphetamines for a short duration before seeking help.   John has also been trying to limit his consumption of alcohol since being releaved of duty, and though  he has stopped drinking every night, his troubles with alcohol have persisted. Summary Johns behaviors that of which can be observed fall in line with most of the behaviors of those  mentioned earlier in the Frontline Documentary. Drug abuse has been the most prevalent issue in Johns  life after serving, but he has shown signs of progress with his current treatment plan. References Comer, R. J. (2014). Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology. New York: Worth Publishers.  Revised July 2014 Fulton, Germer, Siegel. (2005). Mindfulness and psychotherapy. New York: The Guilford Press. Cohen, B. J. (2013). The human body in health and disease. 12th Edition. Baltimore, MD:  Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Aronson, Raney (2014) A Soldier’s Heart [Video]. Retrieved February 2015 from  http://www/pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/heart/view King, M. L. (1965). The three evils of society. (Speech). Retrieved from  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8d-IYSM-08