Obfuscated Data Storage For Cloud Environment

Obfuscated Data Storage For Cloud Environment Ravi Pandey, and Kamlesh Chandra Purohit Abstract. Data storage service is one of the most attractive services provided by the cloud service provider. Despite the benefits of cloud computing threat to data confidentiality, integrity and availability may stop the data owner from switching to a cloud environment. Handing over the data to a third party to store and manage may generate data security issues as owner of the data cannot deploy its own security policies in storage service provider’s premises. A storage service provider may misuse the client’s data. In a cloud environment data is stored in the service provider’s premises so there should be a mechanism which hides meaning of the data from the service provider or any other unauthorized entity. In this paper, we propose a mechanism which utilizes some existing schemes like erasure correcting code, AES, SHA256 and some new techniques to achieve data security guarantees against any unauthorized entity. Keywords: Data storage service, cloud computing, erasure correcting code, AES, SHA256. 1. Introduction Cloud computing technology, which is popular for its pay as you go model attracts enterprises and individuals to host their data in a cloud environment. Based on results from IDCs 2012 North American CloudTrack Survey â€Å"more than 30% of organizations expect that within five years, the majority of their IT capability will be delivered through public cloud services and that within three years, they will access 45.5% of IT resources through some form of cloud — public, private, or hybrid†. As Cloud Computing has advantages for both providers and users, it is developing in an amazing pace and predicted to grow and be adopted by a large amount of users in the near future [1]. Cloud storage is an important service of cloud computing, which allows data owners (owners) to move data from their local computing systems to the cloud [2]. The storage space requirement is increasing every day as rate of data generation is very high. According to IDC Digital Universe Study, June 2011, â€Å"In 2011, the amount of information created and replicated will surpass 1.8 zettabytes (1.8 trillion gigabytes), growing by a factor of nine in just five years. That’s nearly as many bits of information in the digital universe as stars in the physical universe†. Various surveys show that the issue of data security is highest among clients who wish to switch their data in the cloud. Existing encryption schemes assure security guarantee for data while traversing in the network, where data resides for very short time. In case of data stored in a cloud environment, data resides for a long time in the service provider’s storage premises, so the service provider or its any employee can attempt brute force attack to get information from the client’s stored data. In a cloud environment there can be some internal attackers like employee of service provider who can behave dishonestly. Some applications stored by other client on the same server may be malicious which try to access data of other clients. Although it becomes difficult for an external attacker to attack intended data as in cloud where data is stored is not known to attacker but they can try to attack any random data. Therefore, client expects a secure network in which client can upload data, an honest service provider and a third party auditor who can take responsibility to check integrity of data stored in cloud server. This paper is extension of our previous paper []. Here we will explain proposed scheme in more detail and we will analyze the complexity of our algorithm. 2. System Model Cloud storage auditing system consists of three entities client, cloud server and third Party auditor. Client is the owner of data to be stored in cloud. Client generates the data to be hosted in cloud and can access, modify or delete the data to be hosted. Cloud storage server stores the data and provides mechanisms to access, modifying or deleting the data. Fig. 1. Cloud data storage architecture. Storage servers are geographically distant located, data is redundantly stored in multiple servers for security reasons. Third party auditor is an authorised system to check integrity of data storage. Data flow in between any pair of entity happens in encrypted form. We know that system is prone to internal and external attacks; other issues like hardware failure, software bugs, networking may also impact the system. We believe that, the third party auditing scheme, proposed by many researcher with some modification can make the whole cloud storage environment more reliable and secure. 3. Design Goal In Existing scheme key problem is that data stored in cloud data storage server is in meaningful manner. Our design goal is to obfuscate data before uploading it to the cloud server. After that we utilize existing data encryption techniques and hashing algorithm for providing user authentication and ensuring data integrity. 4. Proposed Work 4.1. Data Obfuscation Algorithm Let F be the private file, which is to be uploaded in the cloud environment. (we can see file F as an array of bytes from 0 to Flength.) Select a key K, an array of 10 digits from 0 to 9 without any repetition. Initialize 10 files f0,f1,f2,f3,†¦f9., we call them file components. For each byte F[i] of file F, calculate j= i %10; For each j, look for K[j] and append F[i] byte on fK[j] component. Figure 1. Demonstration of the file F, which is to be uploaded in the cloud environment. Figure 2. Demonstration of the key K. Figure 3. Demonstration of the file component fj. 4.2. Program Code for data obfuscation algorithm Program code in python for splitting file in components. count=0 n=0 path=I:\abcd; khol = open(path,rb) clone1=open(I:\115,wb) clone2=open(I:\116,wb) clone3=open(I:\117,wb) clone4=open(I:\120,wb) clone5=open(I:\121,wb) clone6=open(I:\123,wb) clone7=open(I:\124,wb) clone8=open(I:\125,wb) clone9=open(I:\126,wb) myL=[clone3,clone5,clone2,clone7,clone1,clone9,clone4,clone8,clone6] byte=start while byte!=: byte = khol.read(1) n=count%9 count=count+1 if byte: if n==0: clone=myL[0] clone.write(byte) elif n==1: clone=myL[1] clone.write(byte) elif n==2: clone=myL[2] clone.write(byte) elif n==3: clone=myL[3] clone.write(byte) elif n==4: clone=myL[4] clone.write(byte) elif n==5: clone=myL[5] clone.write(byte) elif n==6: clone=myL[6] clone.write(byte) elif n==7: clone=myL[7] clone.write(byte) elif n==8: clone=myL[8] clone.write(byte) else: break khol.close() clone1.close() clone2.close() clone3.close() clone4.close() clone5.close() clone6.close() clone7.close() clone8.close() clone9.close() Program code in python for regenerating main file from components. clone1=open(I:\115,rb) clone2=open(I:\116,rb) clone3=open(I:\117,rb) clone4=open(I:\120,rb) clone5=open(I:\121,rb) clone6=open(I:\123,rb) clone7=open(I:\124,rb) clone8=open(I:\125,rb) clone9=open(I:\126,rb) recover=open(I:\abcd,wb) myL=[clone3,clone5,clone2,clone7,clone1,clone9,clone4,clone8,clone6] byte=start while byte!=: if byte: for x in myL: byte=x.read(1) recover.write(byte) else: break clone1.close() clone2.close() clone3.close() clone4.close() clone5.close() clone6.close() clone7.close() clone8.close() clone9.close() recover.close() 4.3. Erasure Correcting Code After division of File F in 10 components, we use erasure correcting code [] to achieve data availability against byzantine failure. Erasure coding (EC) is a method of data protection in which data is broken into fragments, expanded and encoded withredundantdata pieces and stored across a set of different locations or storage media. Erasure coding creates a mathematicalfunctionto describe asetof numbers so they can be checked for accuracy and recovered if one is lost. Referred to aspolynomial interpolationor oversampling, this is the key concept behind erasure codes. In mathematical terms, the protection offered by erasure coding can be represented in simple form by the following equation: n = k + m. The variable â€Å"k† is the original amount of data or symbols. The variable â€Å"m† stands for the extra or redundant symbols that are added to provide protection from failures. The variable â€Å"n† is the total number of symbols created after the erasure coding process. For instance, in a [10:16] method six extra symbols (m) would be added to the 10 base symbols (k). The 16 data fragments (n) would be spread across 16 drives, nodes or geographic locations. The original file could be reconstructed from 10 verified fragments. 4.4. Component Encryption (AES) Now we can encrypt each file component with AES using 128 bit, 192 bit, or 256 bit key for encryption. 4.5. Token Generation(SHA256) We calculate hash function SHA256 for every data component H(fi)=xi. TheSHA algorithm is a cryptographic hash functionwhich produces a 64 digithash value. We use this token as a challenge token for auditing the storage server. Third party auditor keeps token value of each encrypted file component. File components are identified by a random_number generated by the client. Size of random_number depends on the requirement of the storage space by the client. 4.6. Database description After uploading files in the data storage server the client can delete the files in its local machine. Client keeps database of each file which contains file name, AES encryption password , file distribution password. Besides this for each file client keeps database for file component of that file. It contains random_number associated with each file component. Third party auditor keeps clients id, random_number associated with file components and challenge token corresponding to each component. Storage server stores client id and file component named with random_number generated by the client. 5. Third Party auditing TPA sends random_number to the cloud storage server. On receiving this random_number, cloud storage server calculates hash function of corresponding file component. Storage server encrypts this hash value with a shared key among TPA and storage server and sends encrypted hash value to TPA. TPA matches this received value with its database. If the stored hash value of a file and received hash value are same then file component is stored correctly, otherwise TPA sends alert message to the corresponding client of that file. 6. Algorithm Analysis In this section, we evaluate the complexity of the proposed scheme under the section 4.1. We took files of size 10 kb, 100 kb, 1000 kb and 10,000 kb for analyzing time complexity of the algorithm. Using time function of python we majored repeatedly the time of execution of proposed algorithm. We found that time of execution linearly (O(n)) depends on the size of file. Similarly, we majored time of execution at the time of regeneration of file from its components, and we found that time of regeneration of file is also linearly (O(n)) depends on file size. After execution of algorithm we found that total size of file components generated from the file to be uploaded is equal to the size of original file. In this way proposed scheme do not impose any extra storage burden. 7. Conclusion To ensure cloud data storage security, it is essential to hide meaning of data from all the third party entities like storage service provider and third party auditor. This is only possible when owner of data obfuscate the file to be uploaded in its own machine before uploading. The scheme which we have proposed ensures that information stored in the file cannot be interpreted by the third party auditor and storage service provider. Hence, client’s file is safe from both internal and external attackers. Utilization of existing scheme erasure correcting code ensures security against byzantine failure and use of random_number associated with file components together with secure hash algorithm allows third party auditor to audit file components without sharing any information which can help storage service provider to interpret the meaning of stored file. References Agrawal, R., Srikant, R.: Fast Algorithms for Mining Association Rules. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Very Large Databases. Morgan Kaufmann, Santiago, Chile, 487-499. (1994) Garcia-Molina, H., Ullman, D. J., Widom, J.: Database Systems: The Complete Book. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. (2002) Wang, X., Bettini, C., Brodsky, A., Jajoida, S.: Logical Design for Temporal Databases with Multiple Granularities. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, Vol. 22, No. 2, 115-170. (1997) Bruce, K. B., Cardelli, L., Pierce, B. C.: Comparing Object Encodings. In: Abadi, M., Ito, T. (eds.): Theoretical Aspects of Computer Software. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1281. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 415–438. (1997) van Leeuwen, J. (ed.): Computer Science Today. Recent Trends and Developments. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 1000. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1995) Ribià ¨re, M., Charlton, P.: Ontology Overview. Motorola Labs, Paris (2002). [Online]. Available: http://www.fipa.org/docs/input/f-in-00045/f-in-00045.pdf (current October 2003)

Impact of New Technology on Lifestyle and Health Essay

As a start I would like to give a short and simple definition of the concept â€Å"technology†. Technology will, in this case and this paper, refer to any physical object, product, environment, or symbol that has been created by human beings. Another frequently used concept with the same meaning is â€Å"artifact† (Simon, 1969). Technology has had a great impact upon the living conditions of people all over the world. Technology has helped us to perform many tasks safer, faster, and with higher precision than would be possible without its help. Technology has also made us stronger, helped us to travel faster, and made it possible for us to perform tasks that otherwise would be impossible to perform. With the help of technology we can perform many tasks that are dangerous for people to perform, like working in a hostile physical environment, for instance in a contaminated or radioactive environment. Technology has helped us to perform boring manual tasks day and night, every day in the week, even without a coffee brake. Technology has made it possible for us to travel all over the world and reach new destinations, quicker than ever. Soon we might even travel to other planets in our Solar system. The invention of machines, computers and other technological artefacts has improved our mental abilities too. Technology can make us smart (Norman, 1993) by increasing our abilities to remember better, by storing information in different formats, and support our reasoning activities. Thanks to computers we can perform complex calculations quickly, simulate processes of different kind, create art and music, and so on. Technology has also helped us to pick up information that earlier was impossible to pick up. Microscopes and telescopes, only to mention a few technological devices, have made it possible for us to look into worlds that we otherwise would not have any access to. New intelligent hearing aids have helped people with hearing deficits to pick up auditory information better and improved the possibilities to communicate with other people. Technology can improve our abilities to control vehicles of different kind, for instance to improve the ability to steer, brake and shift gears in the car. New technology has been used to create systems that can help drivers to find new destinations, or find the quickest route to known destinations. New technology has also been developed for helping drivers to avoid collisions and other dangerous situations. Technology has made it possible to adapt cars to drivers with functional handicap so that they can drive (nearly?) as safely as drivers without these problems. Technology can help mariners to navigate ships across the Atlantic with high precision, to assist pilots in their task of flying to selected destinations, avoid collisions in the air, control the aircraft, and so on. Process industries, manufacturing industries, energy producing industries can today be controlled with the help of new advanced technology. Technology has had an impact on the way we live, work, enjoy ourselves, and communicate with each other. Thanks to improved transportation systems we can now live at a distance from our working place, and commute to our job. Some of us can work from home thanks to the computer and the ability to send digital messages to different destinations. Thanks to the World Wide Web we can communicate with people at very distant places and arrange virtual meetings. We also have new ways of entertaining ourselves. Technology in the Health sector has made important contributions to the treatment of diseases and with the help of advanced technology it is now possible to save lives in a way that was not possible only a few decades ago. In her key note, professor Axelsson has shown how technology can be used in health care. Soon it may be possible to replace missing limbs with artifacts that can perform the tasks the missing limb should have performed. Changes in lifestyle? I believe we can identify some important changes in our lifestyles that are, at least partly, caused by the technological development. With the focus on human work I believe we can identify the following, and many more changes. A shift from physical to mental workload One important trend in our working life is a shift from physically demanding tasks to mentally demanding tasks. Human work has for a long time been more or less dominated by tasks that were physically demanding. Some of these tasks are still with us, but in many cases new technology can help us to perform them with less physical effort. A farmer, say 150 years ago, performed many manual tasks. Today there exist machines that can help the farmer to perform many of the tasks. A miner used to perform many heavy manual tasks when my father was working as a miner. Today trucks are doing the job, quicker and faster. Instead of performing the physically demanding tasks an operator of a machine has to control the machine and supervise its performance, indicating a shift to a mentally demanding task. A task is mentally demanding if it imposes a workload on our abilities to search for and pick up relevant information, store information, use information to make decisions, solve problems, develop action plans and supervise the performance of action plans. Many working tasks today have the character of being more mentally demanding than physically demanding. A shift towards supervising processes The condition for workers has, in many cases, changed from being in direct contact with the working task to using some kind of technological device to perform the task. This has quite often resulted in a new role for the worker. The new role is more of a supervisor of a process. Examples may be found among pilots who are interacting with a computer, the flight management system, which is performing part of the flying task. Another example can be found among workers in highly automated industrial processes, where an automated system is controlling a large part of the process. Increased complexity The introduction of computers has increased the complexity of many tasks. The amount of information we are forced to process in working life has increased. As a result is it has become harder to understand the way different systems are working. The logic of many systems is hidden in the computer and not possible to inspect directly. Negative impact of technology There are some psychological consequences of the changes that has occurred as a result of new technology. In some cases technology can make us stupid, confused and disoriented. Please let me illustrate this statement by giving a few examples on how technology can confuse us and make us look stupid. Technology that may make us stupid Doors are equipped with some kind of device to open and close them. In some cases it is perfectly obvious how the device works by looking at it. In other cases it might be confusing. There exist doors where the device to open and close the doors are identical in shape, but works completely different. A good design should make it obvious how a door should be opened and the principle of consistency should be used. In some cases it may be extremely important to be able to open doors quickly and without involving higher mental processes. Another example of a violation of the principle of consistency is when you have a door with two locks, and to open the door you must turn the key in different directions in each lock. Still another example can be taken from the medical sector. A number of studies have shown that errors are made in this sector, and that errors tend to occur when patients are given their medicine. One possible explanation to this is that different medicines may be stored in bottles that look very much like each other. An interesting question is how the container for different medicines should be physically designed so that it is easy to distinguish different drugs. An example from the automobile industry has to do with the relationship between controls and, in this case, windows. A good principle, stemming from Gestalt psychology, is that you should place a control of a certain device close to that device. This is called the â€Å"proximity principle†. In some cases this is not done, and controls for the windows in a car might be located far away from the windows. The design of the physical environment is also of interest. When a new living area is created and houses and paths are designed, it is common to find that people living there are not walking on the paths that have been so nicely designed. Instead they quite often are using the shortest route across some sensitive area(s). A simple solution here would be to wait and see where people are walking, and after that decide the paths should be located. In some hotel rooms you must use most of your brain power to figure out how the shower works. The problem in many cases is that the function is hidden, and it is not possible to directly see how the shower must be operated. Technology can be used to supervise people – Big Brother can see you In some cases technology is used to supervise worker’s performance at workplaces. This may increase the stress level of the involved workers, and in some cases increase their stress level, and make them sick. On example comes from call centres. The number of call centres has increased rapidly in Sweden. A common definition of a call centre is a working place where people are engaged in telephone communication with customers and are doing that with the help of computer support. In a call centre the operator’s performance can be effectively supervised with the help of computers. It is possible to measure the number of telephone calls each employee is performing during the working day, and also measure the number of breaks that occur during a working day. A psychological effect of this registration is, sometimes, an increased stress level among the workers. Big Brother can see you! Technology can be used to supervise traffic streams, control traffic streams, and identify speeding drivers. Cameras on the road side are being more and more common in Sweden. Some drivers don’t like being supervised by â€Å"Big Brother† and one solution seems to be the destruction of cameras. Technology can also be used to prevent drunken drivers from using their car. Before the car can be started the driver must exhale (breathe) into a measuring device. If the device detects alcohol in the air then the car will not be possible to start. Some drivers which have been found guilty of driving when intoxicated by alcohol have, as a part of their treatment, accepted to install this kind of device in their car. A follow up study has shown that many of these convicted drivers have stopped using this device. Technology can give an invitation to â€Å"Human Error† Besides making us feel stupid, improper design of technology can cause incidents, accidents, and in the worst case kill people. Please let me illustrate this by using some well known accidents as examples. Three Mile Island, USA. This accident happened in the USA 1971. A problem occurred in the Nuclear Power Plant and the situation gradually developed into something problematic. One, out of many, aspects of this accident is that the alarm systems in the Power Plant were activated, and very soon a large number of alarms and warnings were sounding. This probably increased the stress level of the operators who were trying to understand the problem and what to do with it. A high level of stress is not an optimal condition for solving a complex problem. One problem here was that instead of helping the operators to solve the problem the alarm systems made the situation worse. The crash in Gottrà ¶ra, Sweden. A certain similarity can be found in an accident with a passenger plane in Sweden, 1991. A plane (MD 81) started from Arlanda airport (Stockholm) and soon after the start it lost the power of one engine and shortly thereafter the power of the other engine. The captain’s plan was to fly the plane without the help of the engines (basic flying) and perform an emergency landing on an empty field at a distance from the airport. During the four minutes, from the moment the engines had stopped until the aircraft landed safely (!), the plane was shaking and the instrument panel were blinking. Auditory warnings were activated and a female warning voice was talking continuously. The information from the plane to the captain was chaotic and did not offer any useful help to him. In one interview after the accident the captain stated that on the wish list was a warning system that can offer help in situations of this kind. Not a system that distracts and increases the pilots stress level. In Linkà ¶ping, Sweden, a number of patients were treated with the help of a machine that should purify their blood. A nurse misjudged the information from the machine and by mistake turned the machine off. A number of patients died as a result. The machine was built by some technicians and when it was working correctly a number of indicators (lamps) showed the colour red. Normally red is a colour that is used for warnings of different kind. There are also a number of accidents that have occurred as a result of automation. Automation of some tasks may solve some problems, but can also create new possibilities for errors (Bainbridge, 1987). It has been found that people may have an over trust in automation and believe that an automated system takes care of more that it actually can take care of. Automation can also have the effect that an operator becomes less involved in the control of a system and has a problem to take the control back when so needed. What can we do to avoid the negative sides of technology? In the cases where technology is used to supervise people and this is not totally accepted by people this may be regarded as a political question and should be treated as such. This case will not be discussed further in this paper. In cases where the design of technology has caused problems it is possible to provide some guidelines. Improper design of technology is common when technology is designed without consideration of the user’s needs, abilities and limitations. The following advices can be given: Start the development process of new technology by investigating the needs of the intended users! Perform a task analysis (see for instance Kirwan and Ainsworth, 1993) and try to understand what the users need are in order to perform the task efficiently and safely. Involve the intended users early in the design process! Remember that they have a lot of valuable knowledge concerning the task and how it may be performed. Respect individual differences! There are sometimes large individual variations among users of a technological device and the design should be flexible enough to take care of this variation. Make it possible for users to understand the technical device. If users can understand the way a technical device works (if I push this button, then that will happen) the risk for so called â€Å"human error† will most likely decrease. Use the scientific method – test and test again, until you have eliminated the worst problems. The empirical testing of a technical device should have a high priority. Design for human error! People will, in the long run, get tired, distracted or anything else and make an error. This is sometimes called Murphy’s law – if anything can go wrong then it will, sooner or later. Human beings are not like machines and we have to design with that in mind. A technical device should be designed to make it possible to escape the error that sooner or later will be made. Provide feedback (this happened) and feedforward (that will happen). Feedback and feedforward from a technical device should be clear and easy to understand. This will give the user a possibility to understand the system. If possible introduce an undo function! As mentioned earlier people will make errors and this is an error correcting possibility. Use a system perspective! Any kind of technological equipment will be used in a certain context. Analyse the context and see whether the new artefact can successfully be mixed into the context. These are general rules to follow, and by following them I strongly believe that we can influence the design of technology in such a way that our lifestyles and health will be improved. References Bainbridge, L. (1987). Ironies of Automation. In J. Rasmussen, K. Duncan and J. Leplat (Eds.) New Technology and Human Error, John Wiley & Sons Ltd Kirwan, B., and Ainsworth, L.K. (Eds.) (1993). A guide to task analysis. Taylor & Francis Norman, D.A. (1993). Things that make us smart. PERSEUS BOOKS, USA Reason, J. (1990). Human error. Cambridge university press, USA Simon, H. (1969). The Science of the Artificial. The M.I.T. PRESS

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Tai Chi Health Benefits - 1177 Words

As a Chinese traditional martial art, Tai Chi Chuan is also called â€Å"meditation in motion† and is famous for its overall health benefits. Although its motion is slow and gentle, it provides good exercise to improve muscle strength, flexibility and aerobic conditioning as other common fitness sports. Besides these, it also offers other benefits that other common sports cannot give us, such as the balance improvement, the reduced probability of falling, relieving depression, easing of Parkinson’s disease and hypertension. Here are some studies that scientists have finished and will prove how Tai chi can improve our well being. The first, practicing Tai chi improves balance. According to NIH—National Institute on Aging, a study was conducted†¦show more content†¦Parkinson’s disease patients gets benefits from Tai Chi as well. According to several studies conducted by ORI—Oregon Research Institute in four Oregon cities, Tai Chi has shown significant benefits for people who have mild-to-moderate Parkinson’s disease. â€Å"These results are clinically significant because they suggest that Tai Chi, a low-to-moderate impact exercise, may be used, as an add-on to current physical therapies, to address some of the key clinical problems in Parkinson’s disease.† said ORI scientist Fuzhong Li, Ph.D. (3). Compared with resistance training and stretching groups, Tai Chi group showed better score in how far they could lean in a direction without losing balance, and also in the ability of body control. Based on the practical advantages, Dr. Li concludes that, â€Å"Usi ng Tai Chi to improve motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease - it is a low cost activity that does not require equipment, it can be done anywhere, at any time, and the movements can be easily learned. It can also be incorporated into a rehabilitation setting as part of existing treatment. Similarly, because of its simplicity, certain aspects of this Tai Chi program can also be prescribed to patients as a self-care/home activity.† Not only a cure, but also a control, Tai Chi also helps people with hypertension.Show MoreRelatedTai Chi : A Low Impact Exercise1503 Words   |  7 PagesTai Chi originated in China after a Taoist sage dreamt of a snake and a bird fighting. After his dream this man used the moves he saw in the fight to create Tai Chi. However, the first recognized man to perform Tai Chi was Chen Wang-ting in the 1600’s (Morano, 2003). Tai Chi is considered to be a low-impact exercise in which the movements are relaxed and joints are not strained. When participating in Tai Chi one goes through a series of routines involving certain movements and focus on their breathingRead MoreTai Chi1346 Words   |  6 PagesBenefits of practicing Tai Chi Tai Chi is a therapeutic exercise which originated as a martial art. It is a slow moving martial art based on the Eastern belief that a life force (chi) or energy circulates throughout the body by way of pathways called meridians. A disruption in this flow of energy is believed to result in illness or disease. Therefore, a balance of chi is essential for health and Tai Chi is an exercise which promotes this proper flow of energy. However, it is both a physical andRead MoreReport on Tai Chi Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesReport on Tai Chi Tai Chi is a major branch of Chinese martial arts that is primarily practiced for its health benefits, including tension and stress, relaxation and as a form of self-defense. The name Tai Chi comes from the Chinese words meaning great ultimate. It is also known as Tai Chi Chuan meaning, great ultimate fist. Among martial arts, there are two basic types, one is called hard martial arts and the other one is soft martial arts. Hard martial arts are like karate and martialRead MoreThe Basic Principles Of Tai Chi1392 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Tai Chi, also known as Tai Chi Quan, is a form of ancient Chinese martial art with slow and graceful movements which is practiced for self-defence and mind-body relaxation exercise (Perry, 1982). The fundamental principles of Tai Chi can be traced back thousands of years to ancient Chinese health exercise (originally formulated in the 13th century during the Song Dynasty by Chan Shan-fung) to its predecessor, Qi gong, and to the classical yoga in India. Each exercise has its own distinctiveRead MoreA Holistic View Means That We Are Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesaspects, rational and irrational aspects. A holistic pregnancy and childbirth recognizes the impact of the mind and spirit, as well as the physical body, on the experience of pregnancy and birth. Physical health, values and beliefs, relationships, emotional wellbeing, and spirituality all affect pregnancy and birth. In turn, the experiences of pregnancy and birth influence body, mind, and spirit. Trusts the naturalRead MoreLow Personal Information Regarding The Quality Of Life1015 Words   |  5 PagesIt was also said that previous positive results are effective worldwide including all age groups. According to Roberson et al. (2015) Tai Chi can increase balance, lessen one’s anxiety, and lower pain. Sannes, Mansky, and Chesney (2008) study aim investigated the variation seen in the length and training session done in randomized controlled trials involving Tai Chi Chih (TCC). The second objective of their study was to examine the attendance rates reported in scheduled intervention classes. TheirRead MoreFall Prevention And Its Effects On The Home And Community1583 Words   |  7 Pagespeople. Every year 25% of older adults who fall pass away. Falls can cause any number of injuries to occur, hip fractures, head injuries, and death may occur. Many individuals that have gone through a fall have a difficult time recovering and their health deteriorates (Basics of Fall Prevention, 2016). For older adults, falls are a serious problem, that is usually overlooked. For adults that are 65 and older, falls are the most frequent cause for injury and may potentially cause institutionalizationRead MoreParkinson s Disease : A Disease1196 Words   |  5 PagesParkinson’s disease Chase J Fowler Missouri Southern State University â€Æ' What is Parkinson’s disease (PD)? Parkinson’s is a disease that causes the nervous system to degenerate which means that person’s health is declining mentally, physically, and morally. Parkinson’s causes a loss in balance, which is the cause for most of the falls. These falls lead to the most injuries a Parkinson’s patient has; whether it be fractures or concussions. It causes a loss in muscle movement and muscle control. PatientsRead MoreTreatment Of Geriatric Depression : A Randomized Controlled Trial1699 Words   |  7 PagesAPA Citation of Article Lavretsky, H., Altstein, L., Olmstead, R. E., Ercoli, L., Riparetti-Brown, M., St. Cyr, N., Irwin, M. R. (2011). Complementary Use of Tai Chi Chih Augments Escitalopram Treatment of Geriatric Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry†¯: Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(10), 839–850. http://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31820ee9ef Article 1 Older adults with depression reported to have moreRead MoreTai Chi and the Elderly Essay2261 Words   |  10 Pagesyears, western civilization has adopted Tai Chi as not only a physical activity, but also a highly recommended rehabilitation method. Within physical therapy, Tai Chi is looked upon as an intervention to improve balance and reduce the risk of falls.1 Since the aging adult experiences a decline in balance and more than one-third of those 65 years and older experience a fall related incident each year, it is logical to purport that regular participation in Tai Chi may be an ideal exercise program for

Eating Disorders in the Developing Woman Essay - 2637 Words

In recent history, the idea and overall concept of feminine beauty has been slowly sinking toward a far less healthy, overly thin model. When humans first evolved over 25,000 years ago, women with large, ample breasts and hips were seen by society as very sexually appealing symbols of fertility. Fertile women were considered to be the ideal for any man. Thin women were not considered beautiful because they did not appear healthy enough to raise and provide nourishment for their family. Slim women were also often times considered poor because in the eyes of society, they could not afford enough food to keep their body full and healthy. pDuring the Renaissance era, beautiful, elaborate paintings from world famous artists, Micheangelo among†¦show more content†¦A woman called Twiggy by the press was one of the most popular fashion models in the 1960s. Twiggy was a very appropriate title for her, considering her stick-thin body. She slowly began exposing more and more of her ske letion-esque stature to the camera, and to the world, no doubt inspiring young girls to become like her, because she was in style, yet she was strikingly different; but perhaps most importantly: She was beautiful. The ultra-skinny image, although not a healthy one, is still consistently portrayed today in the media. While researching articles for this paper, I came across a magazine headline that read, You Can Never Be To Thin, in bold, capital letters. Unfortunately, some women actually began believing that statement, and a great deal of them have since suffered from Anorexia nervosa and some have even died of starvation. Can you imagine starving yourself to death? It is terrifying to me that young minds are so easily driven to take drastic measures when they are told that they will be accepted and loved by society as soon as they are thin. Teenagers are directly targeted because, being at a very impressionable time in their lives, they tend to conform to whatever is currently cons idered fashionable by their society. pAlison Bell hit the nail on the head when she wrote in an article for TEEN magazine in 1999, We live in a society where it is considered standard for a teenager to worry excessively about her body especially atShow MoreRelatedThe Psychological Effects Of Eating Disorders1324 Words   |  6 PagesEvery woman in her life has a moment when she looks in the mirror and feels fat, or opens a cosmopolitan magazine to see a size 00 girl advertising a new diet and starts to feel insecure, or goes to every length on earth to lose weight, but what women don t realize is that those are all influences leading to eating disorders. Women are strongly affected by eating disorders in North America. Many societal, cultural and physiological aspects contribute to the impact that eating disorders have uponRead MoreDying : By Lucy Serpell And Janet Treasure957 Words   |  4 Pageswith eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia. There were many thoug hts which raced through my mind. After having watched Dying to be Thin I read the articles Anorexia Nervosa: Friend or Foe? By Lucy Serpell, Janet Treasure, John Teasdale, and Victoria Sullivan. I also had read Bulimia Nervosa: Friend or Foe? The Pros and Cons of Bulimia Nervosa by Lucy Serpell and Janet Treasure. What first captured my attention was when the narrator of the documentary spoke about a young woman HeidiRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Body Image1453 Words   |  6 Pagesthat media and body image are closely related. Particularly, how the body image advertising portrays effects our own body image. It has been documented in adolescents as they are more at risk for developing unhealthy attitudes toward their bodies. They are at a time where they re focused on developing their individual identities, making them susceptible to social pressure and media images. A major reason many people have a negative body image is because of the impact that media has had on our percept ionRead MoreThe Media And Body Image1453 Words   |  6 Pagesknow that the media and body image are closely related. Particularly, how the body image advertising portrays affects our own body image. Research documented adolescents as they are more at risk for developing unhealthy attitudes toward their bodies. They are at a time where they re focused on developing their individual identities, making them susceptible to social pressure and media images. A major reason many people have a negative body image is because of the impact that the media has had on ourRead MoreAnorexia nervosa, a medical condition defined by an abnormal or pronounced lack of appetite, has1700 Words   |  7 Pagesand impact. Anorexia nervosa is a major eating disorder that disrupts everyday life, resulting in extreme thinness, hormonal imbalances, behavioral signs, and health issues that can lead to death. While the disease strikes across all gender, races, and classes, the victims affected are typically young, healthy, and attractive women of successful families. The average girl affected usually ages between thirteen and nineteen years old (Landau 3). This disorder has increased rapidly over the last tenRead MoreMass Media And The Entertainment Industry949 Words   |  4 PagesSome believe that mass media and the entertainment industry should be responsible for causing eating disorders in young girls, while others believe differently. I believe that mass media and the entertainment industry portray beauty in a deadly way, since they establish a false image of a â€Å"perfect† woman. Others think that mass media and the entertainment industry should not be accountable for eating disorders because they argue that young individuals are held responsible for themselves. Society cannotRead MoreEating Disorders : An Eating Disorder1184 Words   |  5 Pagesas an eating disorder. Weir (2016) goes on to explain the origins behind eating disorders in individuals. This topic is important because, in the United States, many women and men suffer from a clinically significant eating disorder at some point in their life. It is important to know the influences that cause an individual to experience an eating disorder. Genetically, or environmentally, or both genetically and environmentally. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder are eatingRead MoreThe Effect Media Has over a Womans Body Image Essay942 Words   |  4 Pagesher? The media sets out tons of images and videos of a way an average woman should look like when in reality what the media is showi ng is unrealistic goal to achieve. Whit the media showing off only one body image or what they would say â€Å"perfect,† body image they can cause serious problems mentally and physically in a women’s mind and body. One of the serious problems that can happen mentally in a woman’s mind is developing low self esteem and ultimately depression. With the media showing picturesRead MoreInfluence Of Society On A Teenager1039 Words   |  5 Pagesbeautiful. In the 1980’s it was considered beautiful to be a curvy woman. A woman with a large chest and full hips was the ideal women, such as Selena Quintanilla. The difference between then and now is, women could escape this if needed. Today it is impossible to ignore the stick thin, supermodels, such as Kendall Jenner. They are on TV, Clothing stores, and magazines. The influence of society on a teenager is so much that man expects a woman to be a stick thin model or they are considered â€Å"plump†. TheRead MoreThe Medi A Helping Hand For Eating Disorders1279 Words   |  6 Pages Crystal Medina-Corchado Professor DeLuise ENGL-1105-40-F15 25 October 2015 The Media: A Helping Hand for Eating Disorders The media has taken a majority of time in the modern world, while morphing the ability to influence thought processes and how the brain perceives things around it. Television, for example, and even more so relevant—the Internet are the most powerful forms of media as they are able to produce advertisements that reflect and are more relatable to the targeted audience. Since the

Why We Should Ban Cell Phones And Driving Free Essays

Every day, millions of people get in their vehicles and drive. Some are mothers, some are fathers, some are students, yet all are in danger from preventable accidents caused by cell phones. For proof that cell phone accidents are increasing, people simply need to look at sections of websites devoted entirely to car accidents caused by people using cell phones while driving (Car Accidents). We will write a custom essay sample on Why We Should Ban Cell Phones And Driving or any similar topic only for you Order Now We live in the now generation. We want everything as soon as possible and preferably before we know we want it. Imagine how many people turn their cell phones on and call people the instant their plane lands, minutes before their plane reaches the gate. Cellular phones feed into our need to have information and always be connected, but that need is only safe as long as common sense is used. When common sense is not in effect, driving while using a cell phone can be dangerous. Problems Cell phone accidents injure 330,000 people a year and kill 2,600 a year (Britt 2005). Most people have seen someone talking on a cell phone and driving erratically. They are typically not hard to see because they are usually weaving into the next lane or have poor reflexes when confronted with a red or green light. We ban drinking and driving because there are so many deaths and injuries caused by it, so why do we continue to ignore the dangers of calling and driving? The problem has not gone unnoticed. The government has recognized the risk of driving while calling and have enacted legislature to counteract the increasing number of people involved in accidents caused by distracted drivers. Yet each state has different laws regarding cell phones and driving. Based on the most recent statistics (2008), some states like California talking on the phone (unless it is on the speaker) while driving, and certain groups of people from using the phone. Other states, like Louisiana, do not have any restrictions on using cell phones while driving (Edgar Snyder and Associates). Statistics Cell phones have made our lives more convenient but also more dangerous. Cell phones have 250 million users in the United States, a number that is increasing yearly at a rate of 40%. Studies have also discovered that cell phone use while driving increases the chance of a car accident. Even the task of dialing numbers can cause a person to potentially lose control of the vehicle. Incidentally, most people who were in car accidents while driving were on the phone. Out of the plethora of accidents where cell phones were involved, the drivers hit large objects that would have been avoidable had the driver been focusing on the road (Edgar Snyder and Associates). People who believe that they have excellent reflexes and can avoid a crash are incorrect. It was found that a 20-year-old driver talking on a cell phone has the reflexes of a 70-year-old driver not talking on a cell phone (Britt 2005). People who use hands-free cell phones also contribute to the heightened danger on the road. The mitigating factor in accidents involving cell phones is distraction. The problem is that the drivers can see the road, but they are not involved in what is happening on the road. As strange as it seems, a study found that it is categorically safer to have a person driving with a blood alcohol level greater than . 08 on the road driving than to have a person talking on a cell phone driving (Britt 2005). How to Help Now that we know the extent of the problem, what can we do to prevent those unnecessary accidents from claiming more lives, maybe even the life of someone we love? With inconsistent legislation among the states regarding cell phone use and driving, there is a chance that you have driven in a state with very relaxed or nonexistent laws about driving with cell phones. There are several ways people can protect themselves when driving with a cell phone. A spokeswoman for the California Highway Patrol, Anne Da Vigo suggests pulling off of the road for extended phone calls, to tell the person you are talking to on the phone that you are driving, ask any passengers accompanying you to do the talking, keep the call short and only use the phone when you need to. (Goepel 2003). Legislature Even though those steps are beneficial when using a cell phone while driving, it is not enough to keep the safe cell phone drivers away from the dangerous ones. We need to petition our government to ban any form of cellular phone use while driving. The government will not know how concerned we are about the dangers of driving while calling unless we bring more attention to the situation. Twenty-two of the 50 states have no legislature banning driving while on a cell phone. That means that people in 44% of the states in the United States are at in increased danger of being in an accident caused by a driver talking on a cell phone (Edgar Snyder and Associates). The first steps for legislation come from the citizens, businesses, lobbyists, elected officials, etc. (Nevada Legislature). If we decide to ignore the initial steps to have a bill passed because we are confident someone else will do the work, we are wrong. We need to be a collective voice that lets our government know that we are tired of having innocent citizens hurt by distracted drivers. It is time for us to have our government to listen to what we have to say. We need to be proactive so we do not lose more people from our communities to senseless accidents. References Britt, R. R. (2005). Drivers on Cell Phones Kill Thousands, Snarl Traffic. LiveScience. Retrieved July 18, 2009 from LiveScience database. Car Accidents. Cell Phone Accidents Pictures Stories. Retrieved July 18, 2009, from http://www. car-accidents. com/cell_phone_car_accidents. html . Edgar Snyder and Associates. Car Accident Cell Phone Statistics. Retrieved July 18, 2009, from http://www. edgarsnyder. com/auto-accident/auto/cell/statistics. html . Goepel, J. (2003). Crashes caused by inattentive drivers are nothing new. Cell phones are the latest distraction. Via AAA Traveler’s Companion. Retrieved July 18, 2009 from VIA Magazine database. Nevada Legislature. How a Bill is Passed. Retrieved July 18, 2009, from http://www. leg. state. nv. us/General/im_just_a_bill. cfm . How to cite Why We Should Ban Cell Phones And Driving, Papers

Facilitation and Education Skills for Practice Development

Question: Describe about the Facilitation and Education Skills for Practice Development. Answer: Describe the experience In the group session, I have participated to present a topic in order to emphasize the importance of experience learning in nursing. In this group session, students were requested to present their own topic in order to elaborate their experience. Therefore, I have also presented my personal experience regarding experience learning. From this group session, I have understood that experience learning is a framework. According to Chang and Daly (2015),it helps to understand the practical implementation of theories. Moreover, experience of someone else helps to understand the practical situation. Here, three parameters can be evaluated such as the aim, the strategies to achieve the aim and difference between aim and the outcome. As described by Jacobs (2016), in experience learning, people can share their success story to the audience. From the experience shared, people can understand the practical implementation for dealing with the probable case issues. Therefore, I have realized that experience learning is another learning process in which, people can get a clear picture of the practical field. Jasper (2013) pointed out that in a reflected experience; people share their experience and the probable issues the person has faced. In the given case study, Lee has shared his experience regarding ethical practice is based on the situation. According to her experience, ethical practice cannot be applied easily. The situation here plays the major role, because ethical compliance in medical field. He has mentioned that complying with the ethical factors can be difficult and therefore, he has not mentioned any concrete solution for ethical complacence. However, he has mentioned that in order to follow organizational policies, an employee should handle the ethical dilemmas. Therefore, it can be said as opined by Jones and Alinier (2015) that reflection learning is a process in which it is possible to understand constraints while complying with the practical guideline. On the other hand, theoretical learning only gives the outline of the theoretical framework. As discussed by Kumagai (2013), this type of learning process cannot give practical sense of the theory. Apart from that, Lee has shared that she has reported a bout Toms drug taking and for that Tom has been sacked. In this particular situation, Lee felt guilt and therefore, it was difficult for Lee to work with motivation. In this experience, it has been identified that ethical dilemma is the major factor that led Lee to feel guilty. However, in order to comply with organizational policies, Lee was bound to report about Toms drug taking. When it comes to experience learning, it can be said that Lee was working as per companys policies and on the other hand, tom was violating organizational guideline. From this situation elaboration, a learner would be able to understand the basic response to the critical situation. This experience is not limited to the decision taking. It also emphasizes the consequences that an individual go through after taking an ethical decision. The experience shared in this case study emphasizes several consequences such as moral break down and motivational issues. As opined by Lauren Caldwell (2013), the issues fac ed by an individual after taking an ethical issue can have divers impact on his professional and personal life. However, the experience learning method helps to understand how to deal with the critical consequences. According to Lees experience, she was unable to express her mental state among her nurse colleagues. The step taken by Lee was for protecting top from excessive drug taking. However, escalating the matter to the management create another diverse situation. When it comes to the experience description, it can be said that this process helps an individual to come out from the theoretical framework and explore the practical field. the evaluation of experiences helps to determine the actual issues while implementation of the theories. In terms of theoretical description, an employee should comply with organizational guidelines. However, the experience story of Lee shows ethical situations in which people need to consider the appropriate decision. Taylor (2013) opined, therefore, experience learning would help an individual to understand the ethical situations that could arise. Apart from that, it can be said that it is possible to gain constructed knowledge from reflection. A reflection consists of brief elaboration regarding situation and scenarios that an individual has already faced. Therefore, being an outsider, an individual will be able to know the process of using knowledge in practice. The overall presentation of a reflection consis ts of certain factors that may not have any relation with others experience. However, it is important to learn as much as possible from the experiences because, the more an individual enhance practical knowledge, the more it would be possible to handle critical situation in future. The framework presented in this case study, it can be said that experience may consist of both ethical and personal experiences in workplace. Apart from workplace events, there can be personal factors that might influence an individual to face difficulties. The process of experience learning shows the way in which an individual can balance work and personal life. The case study provided has clearly described the ethical decision-making and its appropriateness in workplace. However, from the experiences, it has been noted that it is not possible to gain a clear view regarding ethical decision-making from experience learning, because, it varies depends on the situation and its requirements. Moon (2013) discussed, the major objective of experience learning is to build clear understanding about different situations. However, it is not necessary that an individual will face the same situation in his or her personal life. Now there are two types of ethical situations such as traditional ethical principles and situational ethics. There are certain differences between these two ethical situations. In order to deal with such ethical situation, an individual should understand the self-vales and difference between self-values with others. The overall evaluation of experience learning helps me to understand the specific features of this learning process. In this learning process, it is possible to understand practical implementation of the theories. In this case study, the experiences shares elaborate the ethical constraints in decision-making. Apparently, the case study shows the importance of experience learning through the framework established by Christopher John. Understanding of the self through Johns model Johns model of structured reflection is a technique that helps the learner at the very early stage of learning. It helps to understand the student how to reflect upon any subject that he has studied. By following the methods, the learners gain experience through application. The model focused on what to look in and what to look out. The looking in consists of the following: Find a space and focus on self. Pay attention to ones emotions and thoughts Write down the emotions and thoughts The looking out consists of the following: Describe the situation Point out the significant issues Aesthetics Personal Ethics What were the factors that influence me? What knowledge did inform me or what could have informed me? Reflexivity The aesthetics includes the following: What was I trying to achieve? Why did I respond? What were the consequences for me and others? What were the feelings of others? How did I know this? The personal aspect includes the self analysis to find out why I felt in a specific way within the situation. According to Ossa Parra et al (2015), the reflexivity includes the analysis of how the situation is related to the previous experience. It also tries to understand in what ways I could have handled the situation better than the way I did it. It also needs me to focus on what would have been the consequences of the alternative actions that I could have taken. Next, I should analyze how I feel about the experience. I should find out how much I can myself along with others in future situations. As Pearce et al. (2013) have discussed, this model was mainly demonstrated in the field of learning. However, it can be applied in other domains of knowledge too. The objective of the model is to make the learners to be able to carry out self-learning through application of the theories and gather experience. It is not only about applying the theories but also about analysis of the experience gathered from the application. It can be said that this model helps in understanding the self. One constantly analyzes his own modes of applications, his own learning outcomes. After the methods are applied, the students are asked to share his or her knowledge with their mentors and other students. According to Pennington et al. (2013), it helps the students to learn faster. Here comes the importance of group discussion. However, reflective practice is always better than only studying the theories. A student that practice reflective learning always achieves greater understanding of the subject a nd also is able to understand how much he has gathered knowledge. In his approaches, John has highlighted this point. He highlighted the importance of experienced knowledge in a comparison to theoretical reading. The method of looking in and looking out of ones emotions engage the students into self-analysis. It is a constant practice that improves the understanding of the self. It provides new insights into the learning procedures. Reflective practice proposed by John is emphasizes on learning through assumptions. At first, we read the subject, gather information, and then apply that knowledge into any practical situation. However, while applying our gathered knowledge we always assume the final result. According to Rees (2013), we always think to what extent the applied method is useful; we have to assume what could be the alternative ways to achieve the desired objectives if the already applied method fails. We add some elements and remove some elements as while doing the process. We become able to take decisions because of our analytical power. Through the practice of it, this analytical power improves. Sometimes the assumptions turn out to be true and sometimes we fail to make correct assumptions. The approach presented in Johns model develops this power. The practice of this model also develops self-awareness and power of critical evaluation. As discussed by Smith et al. (2015), when we do a task we remain aware of our own abilities. We always try to remove the barriers and develop ourselves. We want to achieve our desired abilities. Therefore, we chalk out what to do and what not to do. We select some methods and limit ourselves from using some. Sometimes the decision is based on the available resources and sometimes it is based on our own capabilities. Not everyone is able to do every type of tasks. Self-awareness plays an important role to overcome this barrier. However, once a student has adopted with the technique, he will gather a life-long experience. As Tashiro et al. (2013) discussed, the process of self-awareness also includes finding out the critical issues found in the subject. Through the application of reflective practice proposed by John, one gathers the knowledge to separate difficult areas and easy areas present in the subject. It is mandatory that student understands the difficult areas and deal with them specially. By practicing whatever is proposed in the model, the students improve the ability to judge and separate the critical areas. They also become able to select the best process to solve the problems found in the subject. It is a process that helps in gathering knowledge about the self and answers the question who I am. Through the process of emancipation, the practitioner becomes able to liberate himself from the previous ways of practices. In case the students work in a group the level of difficulty arises because various students have to work cooperatively to accomplish the task. Often they are not able to understand where they are lagging behind from others. As Thompson and Pascal (2012) opined, the problems are twofold. The students have to deal with others while doing the task and they also need to constantly do self-analysis. They need to analyze if they are properly cooperating with the others or not, and they also consider their understanding of the subject. Following and practicing Johns model develops this understanding in the student. According to Tobias et al. (2016), the student starts considering the ethical issues associated in any tasks. It is an important factor while doing a group work. Development of the self occurs with the improved understanding of the response the student should give during the task or after the task. The students responses should comply with the task type. In case of any faults, h e should be able to overcome that barrier. New understanding through analysis of relevant information in the article The article named Framing learning through reflection within Carpers fundamental ways of knowing in nursing by Christopher John discusses the different ways that Carper has propounded. However apart from analyzing it, this article also underlines new information. John has pointed out that the model is a heuristic tool. It means that it provides a framework for the activity apart from allowing the practitioner to go beyond the model and reflect the response of how to unfold the situations present in everyday practices. He mentions that the student gathers knowledge on the existing personal knowledge. It means that their response towards a situation develops. The practitioner is able to respond in a new situation in a matured way. The practitioner becomes able to find the conflict between the desirable work and the actual practice. He has mentioned how that the practitioner needs both challenge and support to accomplish his task. He outlines that it is not only about skill acquisition but confronting the situation. It involves a process of construction and deconstruction while dealing with the situation. The process empowers and enlightens the practitioner or the student. The article has focused on the concept on empirical knowing. Carper rejected the prevalent view that only empirical and objectively descriptive texts are the reliable and valid source of knowledge. This article has clearly and extensively discussed the features of aesthetics empirics, ethics. A practical issue is dealt in this article to discuss various issues related to knowledge gathering through reflective practice. The area of discussion is nursing./ It is mentioned that Lee has gained experience from a case study. In a situation, a young man Tom felt that he was breaking down and was feeling dreadful. The story shared by Lee showed how he helped Tom to overcome this situation. Lee successfully accomplished his work by following the structured reflection model. Toms condition reflects a new age problem. Tom faced financial crisis, started taking drugs, and going through a deep emotional crisis. Through this case study, this article brings out the situational context and Lees cont ext. Then appropriate ethical actions are also discussed. The aesthetics and empirical issues are also discussed. It has been pointed out that ones experience helps in outlining the intuitive nature of grasping, envisioning, responding, and interpreting. References Chang, E. and Daly, J., 2015.Transitions in nursing: preparing for professional practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Jacobs, S., 2016. Reflective learning, reflective practice.Nursing2016,46(5), pp.62-64. Jasper, M., 2013. Using reflective journals and diaries to enhance practice and learning. Jones, I. and Alinier, G., 2015. 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